JAGORANCIN AUREN JIMA'I A MU DA DUNIYA
A yau gwamnatoci da yawa a duniya suna tunanin ba da izinin auren jinsi. Ya zuwa yanzu kasashe da yankuna 30 ne suka kafa dokar kasa da ke ba wa 'yan luwadi da madigo damar yin aure, galibi a kasashen Turai da Amurka. A cikin wannan talifin, za mu bincika yadda ya soma da kuma abin da ya kai ga inda muke a yau.
TARIHIN AUREN JIMA'I
An san ƙungiyoyin jinsi ɗaya a tsohuwar Girka da Roma, tsohuwar Mesopotamiya, a wasu yankuna na kasar Sin, kamar lardin Fujian, da kuma a wasu lokuta a cikin tsohon tarihin Turai.
Ayyukan auratayya na jima'i da al'adu an fi saninsu a Mesopotamiya fiye da na tsohuwar Masar. Almanac na Incantation yana ƙunshe da addu'o'i masu fifita daidai gwargwado soyayyar namiji ga mace da na namiji ga namiji.
A lardin Guangdong da ke kudancin kasar Sin, a lokacin daular Ming, mata za su daure kansu da 'yan mata kanana a cikin bukukuwan da suka dace. Maza kuma sun shiga irin wannan shiri. Irin wannan tsari kuma ya kasance iri ɗaya a tarihin Turai na dā.
Misali na haɗin gwiwar cikin gida na maza na daidaitawa daga farkon zamanin daular Zhou na kasar Sin an rubuta shi a cikin labarin Pan Zhang da Wang Zhongxian. Yayin da sauran al'umma suka amince da dangantakar kuma aka kwatanta su da auren jinsi, bai ƙunshi bikin addini da ke ɗaure ma'auratan ba.
Wasu al'ummomin Yammacin Yamma na farko sun haɗa alaƙar jima'i. Al’adar soyayya tsakanin jinsi ɗaya a ƙasar Girka ta dā ta kan ɗauki nau’i na ƙwazo, wanda ke da iyaka tsawon lokaci, kuma, a yawancin lokuta, ya kasance tare da aure. Abubuwan da aka tattara a wannan yankin sun yi iƙirarin cewa waɗannan ƙungiyoyin alaƙa ce ta ɗan lokaci.
An kira Ƙungiyar Thebes mai tsarki saboda ma'aurata maza da suka kafa ta sun yi musayar alƙawura mai tsarki tsakanin ƙauna da ƙaunataccen a wurin ibada na Iolaus, ƙaunataccen Heracles. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyi sun haifar da daɗaɗɗen ɗabi'a ga Helenawa kuma ba a yarda da su a duk duniya ba.
AUREN JIMA'I A CIKIN adabi
Ko da yake Homer bai fito fili ya kwatanta Achilles da Patroclus a matsayin masu son luwadi a cikin Iliad ba, daga baya tsoffin marubutan sun gabatar da dangantakarsu kamar haka.
Aeschylus yana kwatanta Achilles a matsayin mai son tafiya a cikin bala'in karni na 5 BC The Myrmidons. Achilles yayi magana game da "sumbantar mu akai-akai da kuma "haɗin kai" na cinyoyinsa a cikin guntun wasan da ya tsira.
Plato kuma ya yi irin wannan abu a cikin Taro nasa (385-3370 BC); Phaedrus yana nufin Aeschylus kuma yana riƙe Achilles a matsayin misali na yadda mutane za su kasance masu jaruntaka kuma suna son sadaukar da kansu ga ƙaunatattun su. Aeschines yayi jayayya a cikin Oration Against Timarchus cewa Homer "ya ɓoye ƙaunarsu kuma yana guje wa ba da lakabi ga abokantakarsu", amma Homer ya ɗauka cewa masu karatu masu ilimi za su iya fahimtar "mafi girman girman" soyayyarsu.
Taro na Plato ya hada da tatsuniyar halitta ( jawabin Aristophanes ), wanda ke bayyana liwadi da madigo kuma yana murna da al'adar soyayyar batsa tsakanin mata (maganar Pausanias), da kuma wani tattaunawarsa (Phaedrus).
Fahimtar sha'awar namiji da namiji ta hanyar tsohuwar tafiya ta Girka (har zuwa 650 BC), kuma daga baya, yarda da wasu luwadi a Roma.
Na biyu na Virgil's Eclogues (1st Century BC) ya ga makiyayi Corydon ya bayyana ƙaunarsa ga Alexis a cikin Eclogue 2. Waƙar batsa ta Catullus a cikin wannan karnin an ba da umarni ga wasu maza (Carmen 48-50, 99, da 99). A cikin waƙar bikin aure (Carmen 61) ya kwatanta wata ƙwarƙwarar namiji da maigidansa zai maye gurbinsa.
Shahararriyar invective ɗin sa na farko na Carmen 16 - wanda aka bayyana a matsayin "ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙazanta maganganun da aka rubuta a cikin Latin ko a cikin kowane harshe na wannan al'amari," ya ƙunshi ayyukan jima'i na ɗan kishili.
Satyricon na Petronius almara ne na Latin wanda ke bayyana rashin jin daɗi da ƙaunar Encolpius da masoyinsa Giton (ɗan bawa ɗan shekara 16). An rubuta shi a lokacin mulkin Nero a cikin ƙarni na 1 AD kuma shine mafi dadewa da aka sani rubutu don nuna liwadi.
Shahararren littafin nan na Jafananci Murasaki Shikibu The Tale of Genji an rubuta shi a farkon karni na 11. An ƙi sunan Hikaru Genji a babi na 3.
Sai dai ta kwana da kanin ta. "Genji ya ja shi kusa da shi. Genji a nasa bangaren, ko kamar yadda aka ruwaito, ya ga yaron ya fi sha’awa fiye da ‘yar uwarsa mai sanyi.”
An buga Alcibiades, Ɗan Makaranta na Antonio Rocco, ba tare da sunansa ba a 1652. Tattaunawar Italiyanci ce ta kare luwadi. Wannan shine aiki na farko da aka sani a bayyane irin wannan tun zamanin da.
Manufar Alcibiades the Schoolboy, wanda aka buga ba tare da sunansa ba a shekara ta 1652, shine don kare tafiya ko yin abubuwan batsa. An yi muhawara kan hakan.
Yawancin ayyukan Turai na tsakiyar zamanai sun haɗa da nassoshi game da liwadi. Alal misali, a cikin Giovanni Boccaccio's Decameron ko Lanval (layin Faransanci) wanda Lanval, jarumi, Guinevere ya zarge shi da cewa "ba shi da sha'awar mace". Sauran ayyukan sun haɗa da jigogi na ɗan luwaɗi kamar Yde et Zaitun.
Daidaiton Aure a Amurka
A farkon shekarun 1970s, a tsakiyar fashewar fafutukar luwadi da aka yi ta hanyar tarzomar Stonewall a kauyen Greenwich, ma'auratan da dama sun shigar da kara suna neman lasisin aure. Kotuna ba su dauki hujjojinsu da muhimmanci ba. Wani mai shari'a a Kentucky ya umurci wata mai shigar da kara 'yar madigo cewa ba za a ba ta izinin shiga cikin kotun ba sai dai idan ta musanya wandonta da riga. Alkalan Kotun Koli na Minnesota ba za su mutunta da'awar auren luwadi da yin tambaya ko da guda ɗaya a gardamar baka ba.
Duba cikakken Amurka lokacin auren jinsi a wani post.
Daidaiton aure a lokacin ba shine fifikon masu fafutuka na luwadi ba. Maimakon haka, sun mai da hankali kan haramta yin jima'i tsakanin abokan jima'i, tabbatar da dokar da ta hana nuna bambanci dangane da jima'i a wuraren kwana da aikin yi, da kuma zabar jami'an gwamnati na 'yan luwadi na farko a kasar.
Lallai mafi yawan 'yan luwadi da madigo a lokacin sun kasance cikin shakku kan aure. 'Yan madigo na kallon cibiyar a matsayin azzalumai, idan aka yi la'akari da ka'idojin gargajiya da suka ayyana ta, kamar rufin asiri da kariya daga fyade.
Yawancin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na jima'i sun yi adawa da dagewar auren gargajiya kan auren mace daya. A gare su, 'yantar da 'yan luwadi ya kasance 'yanci na jima'i. A cikin 1970s, fafutukar kare hakkin 'yan luwadi sun fi mai da hankali kan ganuwa da 'yanci fiye da samun damar cibiyoyi kamar aure.
Wasu masu gwagwarmayar luwadi sun so a ba su izinin yin aure a shekarun 1970s. Wasu kuma sun yi watsi da ra'ayin kuma sun ɗauki aure a matsayin wanda ya daina aiki. A watan Disamba 1973, ƙungiyar masu ilimin ƙwaƙwalwa ta Amurka ta rarraba liwadi a matsayin cuta ta hankali. Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararwa sun bi a 1975.
Akwai wani koma bayan jama'a daga masu adawa da yancin luwadi saboda karuwar gani na al'ummar LGBT. Anita Bryant, mawaƙa kuma tsohuwar Miss Oklahoma, ta kasance fitacciyar mai adawa da yancin ɗan luwaɗi. Ta kafa Save Our Children kuma ta yi kamfen don soke dokokin gida da ke hana nuna bambanci dangane da yanayin jima'i.
A shekarun 1980s an ga karuwar masu luwadi da wariya saboda cutar AIDS. Wannan labarin ya kuma karfafa gwiwar al'ummomin gay su shirya. Bayan mutuwar ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Rock Hudson, halaye game da AIDS da kuma gay al'umma sun fara canzawa.
A cikin 1983, dan majalisa Gerry Studds, D-MA, ya zama dan majalisa na farko na dan luwadi. Dan majalisa Barney Frank (D–MA) ne ya biyo shi a cikin 1987.
Shugaba Bill Clinton ne ya rattaba hannu kan dokar kare aure ta tarayya a ranar 21 ga Satumba, 1996. Wannan dokar ta tarayya ta bayyana aure tsakanin mace ko namiji a matakin tarayya. Dokokin DOMA na tarayya sun tabbatar da cewa babu wata jiha da za ta tilastawa a amince da auren luwadi a wasu jihohin. Hakanan ya hana ma'auratan jima'i daga samun kariya da fa'idodi na tarayya a matsayin ma'auratan maza da mata.
Kotun Koli ta Vermont ta yanke hukunci gaba ɗaya a Baker v. Vermont a ranar 20 ga Disamba, 1999, cewa ma'auratan da ma'auratan suna da haƙƙoƙi, kariya da fa'idodi iri ɗaya kamar ma'auratan maza da mata. Vermont ita ce jihar Amurka ta farko da ta kafa ƙungiyoyin jama'a a ranar 1 ga Yuli, 2000. Wannan ya ba ma'auratan ma'auratan hakki da kariya iri ɗaya kamar na ma'aurata, ba tare da kiran shi aure ba.
Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta yanke hukuncin cewa dokokin luwadi ba su dace da tsarin mulki ba a ranar 26 ga Yuni, 2003, a Lawrence v. Texas. Kotun ta soke hukuncin kotu na Yuni 30, 1986 a Bowers vs Hardwick. Mai shari'a Antonin Scalia wanda ya musanta wannan hukuncin ya ce mafi yawan shawarar "ya bar kan kyawawan dokokin jihar da ke iyakance aure ga abokan juna."
Kotun Koli ta Massachusetts ta yanke hukunci a ranar 18 ga Nuwamba, 2003, cewa dole ne a bar ma’auratan maza da mata su yi aure. Kotun Koli ta Massachusetts ba ta ba majalisar dokoki madadin aure ba, kamar yadda hukuncin Kotun Koli na Vermont na 1999 ya yi. An yi auren ɗan luwaɗi na farko na doka a Amurka a ranar 17 ga Mayu, 2004, a Cambridge, MA ta Tanya McCloskey (masanin ilimin tausa) da Marcia Kadish (manajan aiki a kamfanin injiniya).
Tuni dai jihohi hudu suka haramta auren ‘yan luwadi kafin shekarar 2004. An yi amfani da kuri’ar raba gardama wajen yin kwaskwarima ga kundin tsarin mulkin jihohi 13 a shekarar 2004 domin hana auren jinsi. Tsakanin 2005 zuwa 15 ga Satumba, 2010, wasu jihohi 14 ne suka biyo baya, wanda ya kai 30 adadin jihohin da tsarin mulki ya haramta auren jinsi.
Majalisar dattawan Amurka ta gaza amincewa da gyaran tsarin mulkin kasar na haramta auren jinsi a ranar 14 ga watan Yuli. Ta samu kuri'u 48 cikin kuri'u 60. Majalisar Wakilan Amurka ta yi watsi da gyaran tsarin mulkin kasar na haramta auren luwadi a ranar 30 ga Satumba, 2004, da kuri’u 227 zuwa 186. Wannan kuri’u 49 ne ya gaza rinjayen kashi biyu bisa ukun da ake bukata.
Gwamna Cuomo ya sanya hannu kan dokar daidaiton aure na New York ta zama doka a ranar 24 ga Yuni, 2011. Wannan yana ba wa ma'auratan jinsi damar yin aure bisa doka a New York.
Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta halatta auren luwadi
A ranar 28 ga Afrilu, 2015, Kotun Koli ta Amurka ta saurari bahasi na baka a Obergefell v. Hodges. Muhawarar ta ta'allaka ne kan ko auren 'yan luwadi dama ne da Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Amurka ya lamunce da kuma ko za a iya amincewa da shi a matsayin aure a jihohin da suka haramta yin hakan ko a'a.
Kotun kolin Amurka ta yanke hukunci 5-4 a ranar 26 ga Yuni, 2015, cewa Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Amurka ya bai wa ma'auratan 'yancin yin aure a duk jihohi 50.
Tun lokacin da Kotun Koli ta Amurka Obergefell v. Hodges ta yanke hukunci a ranar 26 ga Yuni, 2015, Texas ta halatta auren jinsi. A baya dai jihar ta Amurka ta haramta auren jinsi a Texas bisa ga dokokinta da kundin tsarin mulkin kasar. Mataimakin mai shari'a Anthony Kennedy ya ce kotun a ra'ayin ta mafi rinjaye "ta amince da cewa ma'auratan na iya amfani da ainihin hakkinsu na yin aure a duk jihohi."
Babban Alkalin Alkalan Jihar Alabama, Roy Moore, ya umurci alkalan shari’ar jihar da kada su ba da lasisin aure ga ma’auratan a ranar 6 ga Janairu, 2016. Bayan da wata kotun tarayya ta soke dokar Alabama da ta haramta auren ‘yan luwadi, ya ba da irin wannan hukunci a watan Fabrairun 2015. ba a bayyana ba idan alkalan shari'a na jihohi sun bi waɗannan umarni.
An samu koma baya daga jihohin da Obergefell-v. Hukuncin Hodges daga Kotun Koli. Yawancin magatakarda na gundumomi sun daina ko kuma sun ƙi ba da lasisin aure ga ma'auratan, ko ba da lasisin aure ga kowa, suna masu zargin gwamnati ta keta imaninsu na addini.
A cikin mafi yawan al'amuran jama'a, Kim Davis, gundumar Rowan, magatakardar gundumar Kentucky, an tsare shi na ɗan gajeren lokaci a cikin Satumba 2015 saboda raini. Ta ki ba da lasisin aure ga ma'auratan kuma ta umarci ma'aikatanta da su yi hakan. An saki Davis bayan da ma'aikatanta suka fara ba da lasisi a lokacin da ba ta nan. Sun ce za su ci gaba da yin hakan idan ta koma bakin aiki.
AUREN JIMA'I A DUNIYA
A ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 2001, an yi auren ma’aurata huɗu – mace ɗaya da namiji uku a wani biki ta talabijin da magajin garin Amsterdam da ke ƙasar Netherlands ya jagoranta. Wannan shi ne bikin auren luwadi na farko a duniya. Baya ga Netherlands, auren luwadi ya halatta a cikin kasashe sama da talatin.
Auren jinsi ya zama doka a cikin ƙasashe da yawa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. A baya-bayan nan ne Majalisar Dokokin Burtaniya a birnin Landan ta amince da auren jinsi daya a Ireland ta Arewa, wadda ita ce kasa ta karshe a Birtaniya da ta hana ma'auratan luwadi da madigo yin aure. Auren jinsi guda kuma ya zama doka a wannan shekara a Ecuador, Taiwan da Austria.
A wasu ƙasashe da ba da daɗewa ba suka halatta auren jinsi, yunƙurin canza doka ya zo ta kotu. Misali, kuri'ar da aka kada a ranar 17 ga watan Mayun 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar Taiwan wato Yuan (sunan hukuma na majalisar dokokin kasar) ya biyo bayan hukuncin da kotun tsarin mulkin kasar ta yanke a shekara ta 2017, wadda ta soke dokar da ta ayyana aure a matsayin hadin gwiwa tsakanin mace da namiji.
Hakazalika, halatta auren luwadi a Austriya a farkon shekarar 2019 ya biyo bayan hukuncin da kotun tsarin mulkin kasar ta yanke a shekarar 2017. A Amurka, Kotun Koli ta halasta auren ‘yan luwadi a duk fadin kasar a wani hukunci da ta yanke a shekarar 2015.
A duk duniya, yawancin ƙasashen da ke ba da izinin auren 'yan luwaɗi suna cikin Yammacin Turai. Duk da haka, yawancin ƙasashen yammacin Turai, ciki har da Italiya da Switzerland, ba su yarda da ƙungiyoyin jinsi ɗaya ba. Kuma, ya zuwa yanzu, babu wata kasa a Tsakiya da Gabashin Turai da suka halatta auren luwadi.
Tare da New Zealand da Ostiraliya, Taiwan na ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe uku kacal a yankin Asiya da tekun Pasifik da suka halatta ƙungiyoyin jinsi ɗaya. A Afirka, Afirka ta Kudu ce kawai ta ba wa 'yan luwadi da madigo damar yin aure, wanda ya zama doka a shekara ta 2006.
A cikin Amurka, kasashe biyar bayan Ecuador da Amurka - Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Colombia da Uruguay - sun halatta auren luwadi. Ƙari ga haka, wasu hukunce-hukuncen da ke Meziko suna ba da damar ma’auratan su yi aure.
Japan ba ta amince da auren jinsi ko ƙungiyoyin jama'a ba. Ita ce kasa daya tilo a cikin G7 da ba ta amince da kungiyoyin jinsi guda a bisa ka'ida ba ta kowace fuska. Yawancin gundumomi da larduna da yawa suna ba da takaddun shaida na haɗin gwiwa tsakanin jinsi guda, waɗanda ke ba da wasu fa'idodi amma ba sa ba da wani izini na doka.
Addini, coci-coci, da auren jinsi
Cocin Katolika
A watan Oktoban 2015, bishop-bishop da ke halartar Babban Babban Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Goma Sha Hudu na Majalisar Dattijan Bishof da ke Rome sun amince da wata takarda ta karshe wadda ta sake nanata cewa duk da cewa bai kamata a rika nuna wa masu luwadi wariya ba ta hanyar rashin adalci, Cocin ta bayyana karara cewa auren jinsi “ba ma kwatankwacinsa ba ne. ” zuwa auren jinsi.
Sun kuma yi nuni da cewa bai kamata majami'u su fuskanci matsin lamba na amincewa ko goyon bayan dokar da ta bullo da auren jinsi ba, haka kuma bai kamata hukumomin kasa da kasa su sanya sharuddan taimakon kudi ga kasashe masu tasowa don tilasta bullo da dokokin da suka kafa auren jinsi daya ba.
Anglican Communion
Tun daga 2016, "mafi yawan larduna masu sassaucin ra'ayi waɗanda ke buɗe don canza koyarwar Ikilisiya game da aure don ba da izinin ƙungiyoyin jinsi ɗaya sun haɗa da Brazil, Kanada, New Zealand, Scotland, Indiya ta Kudu, Afirka ta Kudu, Amurka da Wales".
A Ingila da Wales, an ba da izinin haɗin gwiwar jama'a ga malamai. “Cocin da ke Wales ko Cocin Ingila ba sa adawa da limaman da ke cikin kawancen jama’a. Cocin Ingila ta bukaci limaman da ke cikin ƙungiyoyin farar hula su yi alƙawarin kasancewa da tsabtar jima'i, amma Cocin a Wales ba ta da irin wannan hani."
Cocin Ingila ya ƙyale limamai su shiga cikin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin jinsi ɗaya tun daga 2005. Cocin Ireland ta amince da fansho na limaman coci a cikin haɗin gwiwar farar hula.
Luwadi da Madigo
Cocin Episcopal Methodist na Afirka ba ta goyi bayan ko haramta nadin limaman LGBTQ a bayyane. A halin yanzu babu wani hani game da nadawa, kuma AME ba ta hana mutanen LGBTQ yin hidima a matsayin fastoci ko jagorantar darika ba.
Kuri'ar tarihi da Cocin Methodist Episcopal Church ta yi, wadda ita ce kuri'a ta farko a wata darikar Amurkawa da galibinsu Ba'amurke ne kan batun 'yancin aure ga ma'auratan, ta ga cocin baki daya ya ki amincewa da ministocin suna albarkaci irin wadannan kungiyoyin jima'i a watan Yuli 2004. A cewar coci shugabanni, ayyukan ɗan luwaɗi “a fili ya saɓa wa fahimtar Nassi.”
AME ta hana ministoci gudanar da aiki a bukukuwan aure na gayu. Koyaya, AME ba ta “zaɓa” don yin kowane bayani a hukumance game da luwadi ba. AME ne ya nada wasu limaman addinin luwadi a fili.
Ko da yake AME ta kada kuri'ar kin amincewa da auren jinsi, Babban taron ya kada kuri'ar amincewa da kafa kwamiti don yin nazari da ba da shawarwari don canje-canje ga koyarwar coci da kula da makiyaya ga 'yan LGBTQ.
Cocin Ebangelical Methodist ta gaskanta cewa Littafi Mai Tsarki ya la'anci luwadi kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Leviticus 18-22, Romawa 1:26-27 da 1 Korinthiyawa 6-9-19. Ya ce ayyukan ɗan luwaɗi na iya haifar da hukunci na har abada da mutuwa ta ruhaniya. Duk da haka, liwadi ba laifi ba ne mafi girma kamar kisan kai, zina, da sata.
Don haka an hana masu luwadi da ba su da aure shiga cocin Ebangelical Methodist Church. Ƙari ga haka, ba a yarda masu yin luwadi da madigo su zama ƴan takara don hidimar da aka naɗa ba. Yayin da Ikilisiya ta yi imanin cewa kowa yana da hakki da kariya a ƙarƙashin dokar jama'a, yana adawa da duk wata doka ta farar hula da ke inganta liwadi a matsayin salon rayuwa na yau da kullum.
Duk 'yan luwadi da suka gaskanta da Yesu Kiristi kuma suka daina aikata ayyukan luwadi suna maraba zuwa Cocin Methodist na bishara.
Menene Littafi Mai Tsarki ya ce game da liwadi?
Littafi Mai Tsarki bai ce kome ba game da 'luwadi' a matsayin maɗaukakiyar girman mutum. Ba a fahimci yanayin jima'i ba a lokutan Littafi Mai Tsarki. Amma wasu mutane har yanzu suna samun gaskiyar da a ra’ayinsu suka tabbatar da abin da Littafi Mai Tsarki ya ce game da auren jinsi.
Littafi Mai Tsarki ya kwatanta aure a cikin Farawa 2:24 a matsayin haɗin kai tsakanin namiji ɗaya da mace ɗaya. Yesu Kiristi ya tabbatar da wannan ma’anar aure a cikin Matta 19:5, kamar yadda manzo Bulus ya yi a Afisawa 5:31. Duk wani aikin jima'i wanda ke ɗauka wuri a wajen wannan mahallin ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin mai zunubi, abin da Yesu ya kira 'fasikanci' a cikin Markus 7:21.
Bugu da ari ga wannan, aikin jima'i na musamman yana nuna zunubi sau da yawa a cikin Nassi. A cikin Dokar Allah, alal misali, an ba da hukuncin yin jima'i a cikin Littafin Firistoci 18:22 da 20:13.
An yi ƙarin nassoshi a cikin Sabon Alkawari. Alal misali, a cikin Romawa 1:24-32, a cikin amsawar lissafin halittar Farawa, ana ɗauke da namiji da mace a matsayin zunubi. Ana iya ganin ƙarin nassoshi game da zunubin yin jima'i a cikin 1 Korinthiyawa 6:9 da 1 Timothawus 1:10.
Littattafai, don haka, sun yi daidai a cikin haramcinsu na yin jima'i na jinsi ɗaya, a cikin lokuta daban-daban na tarihin ceto da kuma cikin tsarin al'adu daban-daban. Ko da yake Nassosi sun bayyana sarai game da ɗabi’ar jima’i, sun kuma gaya mana cewa begen gafara da rai madawwami yana samuwa ga duk wanda ya juyo daga zunubi kuma ya ba da gaskiya ga Kristi (Markus 1:15), ko ta yaya suka faɗi. takaice daga kyakkyawan tsarinsa na jima'i da aure.
Kungiyoyin farar hula
Ƙungiyoyin jama'a, haɗin gwiwar jama'a, haɗin gwiwar gida, haɗin gwiwar rajista, haɗin gwiwar da ba a yi rajista ba, da kuma matsayin zaman tare da ba a yi rajista ba suna ba da fa'idodi daban-daban na aure.
Kafin shawarar Obergefell, jihohi da yawa sun faɗaɗa haƙƙoƙin doka da ake samu ga ma'aurata a cikin alaƙar jima'i ta hanyar ƙungiyoyin jama'a da haɗin gwiwar cikin gida maimakon ba da izinin auren jinsi. Tun da Obergefell yana buƙatar a ba da izinin auren jinsi a duk jihohi, ba a sani ba ko waɗannan hanyoyin za su ci gaba da kasancewa masu dacewa ko kuma dole.
Koyaya, suna kasancewa bisa doka kuma wasu ma'aurata suna ci gaba da kiyaye alaƙar doka ta waɗannan nau'ikan. Ƙungiyoyin jama'a suna ba da izini na doka ga dangantakar ma'aurata tare da ba da haƙƙin doka ga abokan tarayya kamar yadda aka ba wa ma'aurata a cikin aure.
AUREN JIMA'I A CIKIN SHAHARARAR AL'ADA
Ba shi yiwuwa a san nawa nisha ya kasance yana korar al'umma maimakon kawai nuna ta. Amma yana da wuya a guje wa jin cewa shekaru biyar ko shida da suka gabata an ga tsarin al'adu nagari.
2009 ita ce shekarar da masu sauraro suka hadu da Cam da Mitch (Eric Stonestreet da Jesse Tyler Ferguson), ma'auratan da ke zaune tare da ɗiyar riƙo. Ba su yi aure ba lokacin da aka fara jerin shirye-shiryen - Shawarwari 8 a ƙasarsu ta California ta hana su, kuma sun ɗaure kullin da zarar an binne shi - amma suna kewaya ƙalubalen kasancewa cikin dangantaka ta dogon lokaci akan allo kowane mako kamar kusa. Mutane miliyan 10 sun kalli gida.
Nunin ya zama daya daga cikin shirye-shiryen talabijin masu jan hankali da al'adu na shekarun Obama, wanda ake kallo a jahohi masu launin ja da kuma shudi, wanda Ann Romney da shugaban kasar suka tantance sunansa. Wani bincike na Hollywood Reporter na 2012 ya gano cewa kashi 27 cikin XNUMX na masu jefa ƙuri'a sun ce hotunan 'yan luwadi a talabijin ya sa su zama masu goyon bayan auren gayu, kuma akwai labaran labaran mutanen da ke ba da sabon jin tausayi ga 'yan luwadi ga iyali na zamani.
Talabijin ya nuna mutane masu kyan gani shekaru da yawa (Will & Grace, Glee, All in the Family and Golden Girls). An sami ci gaba a hankali, duk da haka. Yawancin waɗannan shirye-shiryen sun ci gaba da ɗaukar ra'ayi kuma sun mai da hankali ga fararen fata ba tare da sauran mutane ba.
Cam da Mitch sun kasance game da ladabi kamar yadda kowa zai iya tambaya - ya bambanta da madaidaiciyar ma'auratan da suke hulɗa da su, ba safai suke taɓawa ba, ba sa magana game da jima'i, kuma suna yin babban ma'amala kan sumbata a cikin jama'a.
Amma gaskiyar ta kasance cewa kowane shahararren hoton rayuwar gay ya taimaka ƙarfafa cibiyoyin sadarwa don samun dama ga wasu, kuma a yau akwai bambancin da ba a taɓa gani ba a cikin wakilcin jima'i a talabijin, kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin shirye-shirye kamar Empire da Orange Is the New Black.
Bayanan gaskiya game da auren jinsi
Rabon Amirkawa da ke son auren jinsi ɗaya ya karu a hankali a mafi yawan shekaru goma da suka gabata, amma tallafin jama'a ya samu bunƙasa a cikin ƴan shekarun da suka gabata. Kusan mutane huɗu cikin goma na manya na Amurka (37%) sun yarda da barin 'yan luwaɗi da madigo su yi aure a 2009, rabon da ya tashi zuwa 62% a cikin 2017. Amma ra'ayoyin ba su canza ba a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Kimanin Amurkawa shida cikin goma (61%) sun goyi bayan auren jinsi guda a cikin sabon binciken Cibiyar Bincike ta Pew kan batun, wanda aka gudanar a cikin Maris 2019.
Kodayake goyon bayan a Amurka don auren jinsi ya ƙaru a tsakanin kusan dukkanin ƙungiyoyin alƙaluma, har yanzu akwai rarrabuwar kawuna da bangaranci. Misali, a yau, kashi 79% na Amurkawa wadanda ba su da alaka da addini suna goyon bayan auren jinsi guda, kamar yadda kashi 66% na Furotesta farar fata da kashi 61% na Katolika suke yi. A cikin Furotesta na bishara farar fata, duk da haka, kashi 29% ne kawai ke goyon bayan auren jinsi. Duk da haka, wannan ya kusan ninka matakin (15%) a cikin 2009.
Yayin da goyon bayan auren jinsi ya karu a hankali a tsakanin tsararraki a cikin shekaru 15 da suka gabata, har yanzu akwai gibin shekaru masu yawa. Misali, 45% na manya a cikin Silent Generation (waɗanda aka haifa tsakanin 1928 da 1945) sun yarda da barin gay da madigo suyi aure, idan aka kwatanta da 74% na Millennials (an haife su tsakanin 1981 da 1996). Hakanan akwai rarrabuwar kawuna na siyasa: 'yan Republican da masu zaman kansu na Republican ba su da yuwuwar fifita auren jinsi ɗaya fiye da 'yan Democrat da 'yan Democrat (44% vs. 75%).
Auren jinsi daya na karuwa. Binciken da Gallup ya gudanar a cikin 2017 ya gano cewa kusan kashi ɗaya cikin goma na LGBT Amurkawa (10.2%) sun auri ma'auratan jinsi ɗaya, tun daga watannin da suka gabata kafin yanke hukuncin babban kotun (7.9%). A sakamakon haka, akasarin (61%) na ma'auratan da ke zama tare sun yi aure a shekarar 2017, daga kashi 38% kafin yanke hukunci.
Kamar yadda yake ga sauran jama'a, Amurkawa waɗanda suka bayyana a matsayin 'yan madigo, 'yan luwaɗi, bisexual ko transgender (LGBT) suna iya bayyana soyayya a matsayin muhimmin dalilin yin aure. A cikin binciken Cibiyar Bincike ta Pew na 2013, 84% na manya LGBT da 88% na jama'a gabaɗaya sun ambaci soyayya a matsayin muhimmin dalili na yin aure, kuma aƙalla bakwai cikin goma a cikin ƙungiyoyin biyu sun ambaci abokantaka (71% da 76% , bi da bi). Amma akwai wasu bambance-bambance, ma. LGBT Amirkawa, alal misali, sun kasance sau biyu fiye da na sauran jama'a don ba da haƙƙin doka da fa'idodi a matsayin muhimmin dalili na yin aure (46% da 23%), yayin da waɗanda ke cikin jama'a sun kusan ninka sau biyu. LGBT Amurkawa don ambaton samun yara (49% da 28%).
Amurka tana cikin kasashe 29 da hukunce-hukuncen da ke ba wa ma'aurata 'yan luwadi da madigo damar yin aure. Kasa ta farko da ta halatta auren luwadi ita ce kasar Netherlands, wadda ta yi haka a shekara ta 2000. Tun daga wannan lokacin, wasu kasashen Turai da dama - ciki har da Ingila da Wales, Faransa, Ireland, Scandinavia, Spain da kuma, mafi kwanan nan, Austria, Jamus da Malta - sun halatta auren luwadi. A wajen Turai, auren jinsi daya ya halatta a Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Ecuador, New Zealand, Afirka ta Kudu da Uruguay, da kuma wasu sassan Mexico. Kuma a watan Mayun 2019, Taiwan ta zama kasa ta farko a Asiya da ta ba wa 'yan luwadi da madigo damar yin aure bisa doka.
Jira, akwai ƙari. Anan akwai ƙarin bayanai guda 11 game da auren LGBTQ daga Amurka da ma duniya baki ɗaya.
1. Kasar Netherlands ta zama kasa ta farko da ta halatta auren jinsi a shekarar 2001.
2. Ya zuwa shekarar 2014, wasu kasashe 13 sun halatta auren jinsi. Afirka ta Kudu, Belgium, Denmark, Sweden, Kanada, da Spain kaɗan ne daga cikin waɗannan ƙasashe. Massachusetts ita ce jihar Amurka ta farko da ta halatta auren jinsi a shekarar 2004.
3. Tun daga 2014, jihohi 20 sun bi: Iowa, Vermont, Maine, New York, Connecticut, Washington, Maryland, New Hampshire, Oregon, California, New Mexico, Minnesota, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Hawaii, Rhode Island, Delaware, Pennsylvania , da Washington DC
4. A cikin 2012, Shugaba Obama ya kafa Tarihi a Amurka lokacin da ya gaya wa ABC News, "Ina ganin ya kamata ma'aurata su iya yin aure. Tambayi abokanka da sauran masu tasiri na zamantakewa don nuna goyon bayansu ga haƙƙin LGBTQ. Yi rijista don Ƙaunar Yana Gaba.
5. Alaska da Hawaii sune jihohin farko da suka haramta auren jinsi a cikin 1998.
6. Jihohi 16 sun haramta auren jinsi, wasu ta hanyar gyara tsarin mulki, wasu bisa doka, kuma mafi rinjaye duka biyu.
7. Jihohin 7 suna ba da wasu, idan ba duka ba, haƙƙin ma'aurata ga ma'aurata marasa aure a cikin haɗin gwiwar gida, ciki har da California, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, Hawaii, Maine, da Wisconsin.
8. Kamar yadda na 2014, 55% na Amirkawa sun yi imanin auren jinsi ya zama doka.
9. A shekara ta 2013, Kotun Koli ta rushe wasu sassa na Dokar Tsaron Aure (DOMA) (wanda ke bayyana aure a matsayin haɗin kai tsakanin mace da namiji) kuma ta bayyana cewa gwamnatin tarayya za ta amince da auren jinsi a matsayin doka.
10. A kasashe da dama irin su Sudan, Iran, Saudi Arabia, ana iya hukunta masu luwadi da hukuncin kisa.
11. Kodayake auren jima'i bai halatta ba har zuwa shekarun 2000, ma'auratan jima'i suna yin aure a kan talabijin a cikin shekarun 1990. Sitcom "Roseanne" ya nuna auren jinsi daya a 1995 yayin da "Friends" suka nuna bikin auren madigo a 1996.
Tambayoyin da
Nassoshi & Karin Karatu
- Tarihin Auren Luwadi a ProCon.org
- Littattafai akan Auren Luwadi da Madigo a Barnes & Nobel
- Al'adun gargajiya na tsara muhawarar auren jinsi in LA Times
- Auren jinsi daya A Duniya a Cibiyar Bincike ta Pew
- Ra'ayin addini akan auren jinsi a Wikipedia.org
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