ISIKHOKELO SAKHO KUMTSHATO WESINI ESIFANAYO E-US NASEHLABATHINI LONKE
Namhlanje baya besanda oorhulumente behlabathi abacinga ngokusemthethweni ukutshata kwabantu besini esifanayo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, amazwe angama-30 kunye nemimandla amisele imithetho yelizwe evumela abantu abathandana nabasetyhini kunye nabasetyhini ukuba batshate, ngakumbi eYurophu naseMelika. Kweli nqaku, siza kujonga indlela eyaqala ngayo kunye nento ekhokelele kule ndawo sikuyo namhlanje.
IMBALI YOMTSHATO WESINI ESINYE
Umanyano lwabantu besini esifanayo lwalusaziwa kwiGrisi neRoma yaMandulo, iMesopotamiya yamandulo, kwimimandla ethile yaseTshayina, njengephondo laseFujian, yaye ngamaxesha athile kwimbali yamandulo yaseYurophu.
Imitshato yesini esifanayo nesithethe yayisaziwa kakhulu eMesopotamiya kunakwiYiputa yamandulo. IAlmanac yeIncantations yayinemithandazo exhasa ngokulinganayo uthando lwendoda emfazini kunye nolwendoda ngendoda.
Kwiphondo elisezantsi laseTshayina laseGuangdong, ngexesha lolawulo lwe-Ming, abasetyhini babezibophelela kwizivumelwano kunye nabasetyhini abancinci kwimibhiyozo ecacileyo. Amadoda nawo angena kumalungiselelo afanayo. Olu hlobo lwelungiselelo lwalufana nakwimbali yamandulo yaseYurophu.
Umzekelo wentsebenziswano yasekhaya yamadoda alinganayo ukusuka kwixesha langaphambili lolawulo lweZhou yaseTshayina ishicilelwe kwibali likaPan Zhang kunye noWang Zhongxian. Ngelixa ubudlelwane buvunyiwe luluntu ngokubanzi kwaye lwafaniswa nomtshato wabantu besini esingafaniyo, akuzange kubandakanye umsitho wenkolo obophelela esi sibini.
Olunye uluntu lwangaphambili lwaseNtshona ludibanise ubudlelwane besini esifanayo. Isenzo sothando lwesini esifanayo kwiGrisi yamandulo sasihlala sithatha uhlobo lwe-pederasty, olwalulinganiselwe ngexesha kwaye, kwiimeko ezininzi, luhlala kunye nomtshato. Amatyala abhaliweyo kulo mmandla abanga ukuba le mibutho yayibubudlelwane bexeshana bepederastic.
Iqela Elingcwele laseThebes lalibizwa njalo ngenxa yokuba izibini ezingamadoda ezaziyila zatshintshiselana ngezibhambathiso ezingcwele phakathi kwesithandwa nesithandwa kwindawo engcwele ka-Iolaus, intanda kaHeracles. Ezi manyano zabangela ingxaki yokuziphatha kumaGrike yaye ayizange yamkelwe lihlabathi lonke.
UMTSHATO WESINI ESINYE KWINCWADI
Nangona uHomer engakhange achaze ngokucacileyo u-Achilles kunye noPatroclus njengabathandi abathandana besini esifana nesakhe kwi-Iliad, ababhali bakudala bamva babonisa ubudlelwane babo ngolo hlobo.
U-Aeschylus ubonisa u-Achilles njengomthandi we-pederastic kwintlekele yakhe ye-5th yenkulungwane ye-BC i-Myrmidons. U-Achilles uthetha “ngokwanga kwethu rhoqo kunye “nomanyano oluzinikeleyo” lwamathanga kwisiqwenga somdlalo owasindayo.
UPlato naye wenza into efanayo kwiSimpoziyam yakhe (385-3370 BC); I-Phaedrus ibhekisela ku-Aeschylus kwaye ibambe i-Achilles njengomzekelo wendlela abantu abanokuba nesibindi ngayo kwaye bazimisele ukuzincama ngenxa yabathandekayo babo. U-Aeschines uxoxa kwi-Oration yakhe ngokumelene noTimarchus ukuba uHomer "ufihla uthando lwabo kwaye ugweme ukunika isihloko kubuhlobo babo", kodwa uHomer wayecinga ukuba abafundi abafundileyo baya kukwazi ukuqonda "ubukhulu obugqithiseleyo" bothando lwabo.
I-Symposium kaPlato ibandakanya intsomi yokudala (intetho ka-Aristophanes), echaza ubufanasini kwaye ibhiyozele isithethe sothando oluvuselela inkanuko phakathi kwabasetyhini (intetho kaPausanias), kunye nenye yeengxoxo zakhe (Phaedrus).
Isihobe samandulo saphenjelelwa kukwazisa umtsalane wendoda-yindoda ngokusebenzisa i-Greek pederasty (ukususela phaya ngo-650 BC), kwaye kamva, ukwamkelwa kobufanasini obuthile eRoma.
Eyesibini yeVirgil's Eclogues (inkulungwane yoku-1 BC) ibona umalusi uCorydon evakalisa uthando lwakhe ngo-Alexis kwi-Eclogue 2. Imibongo ye-Catullus evuselelayo kwinkulungwane efanayo yayijoliswe kwamanye amadoda (Carmen 48-50, 99, kunye ne-99). Kwiculo lomtshato (uCarmen 61) ubonisa ishweshwe eliyindoda eliza kuthatyathelwa indawo yinkosi yalo.
Umgca wakhe wokuqala odumileyo uCarmen 16 - ochazwe "njengelinye lawona magama amdaka abhalwe ngesiLatini okanye ngalo naluphi na olunye ulwimi ngalo mbandela," - uqulethe izenzo zobufanasini ezicacileyo.
I-Satyricon kaPetronius yintsomi yesiLatini echaza izinto ezimbi kunye nothando luka-Encolpius kunye nesithandwa sakhe uGiton (inkwenkwe eneminyaka eyi-16 ubudala). Yabhalwa ngexesha lolawulo lukaNero kwi-1st Century AD kwaye ngowona mbhalo udala owaziwayo ubonisa ubufanasini.
Inoveli yaseJapan edumileyo kaMurasaki Shikibu ethi The Tale of Genji yabhalwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-11. Umlingiswa wesihloko u-Hikaru Genji uyaliwa kwisahluko sesi-3.
Endaweni yoko ulala nomninawa wakhe. “UGenji wamtsalela phantsi ecaleni kwakhe. UGenji yena, okanye kuthiwa, wafumanisa ukuba le nkwenkwe ithandeka ngakumbi kunodade wabo obandayo.”
I-Alcibiades, i-Schoolboy ngu-Antonio Rocco, yapapashwa ngokungaziwa ngo-1652. Yingxoxo yase-Italian ekhusela ubufanasini. Ngumsebenzi wokuqala owaziwayo ocacileyo ngolu hlobo ukusukela mandulo.
Injongo eyayicetyiwe yeAlcibiades the Schoolboy, eyapapashwa ingachazwanga igama layo ngowe-1652, yayikukukhusela ukuxhatshazwa okanye ukwenza izinto ezibonisa amanyala. Oku kuye kwaxoxwa.
Iincwadi ezininzi zaseYurophu zamaxesha aphakathi ziquka iimbekiselo zobufanasini. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-Giovanni Boccaccio's Decameron okanye iLanval (i-French lai) apho uLanval, i-knight, utyholwa nguGuinevere ukuba "akanawo umnqweno womfazi". Eminye imisebenzi ibandakanya imixholo yobufanasini efana noYde et Olive.
Ukulingana komtshato eUnited States
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1970, phakathi koqhankqalazo lobufanasini olwathi lwenziwa ludushe lwaseStonewall eGreenwich Village, uninzi lwabantu abathandana besini esinye bafaka amatyala befuna amaphepha-mvume omtshato. Iinkundla azizange zizithathele ingqalelo iingxoxo zazo. Ijaji yaseKentucky yayalela omnye ummangali othandana namanye amabhinqa ukuba akasayi kuvunyelwa ukuba angene enkundleni ngaphandle kokuba atshintshe ibhulukhwe yakhe ukuze anxibe ilokhwe. Iijaji zeNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseMinnesota azinakulinika isidima ibango lomtshato we-gay ngokubuza nokuba umbuzo omnye kwingxoxo yomlomo.
Jonga i-US epheleleyo ixesha lomtshato wesini esifanayo kwenye iposi.
Ukulingana komtshato kwakungeyonto iphambili kumatsha ntliziyo angamafanasini. Endaweni yoko, bagxile ekumiseleni ukuba kube lulwaphulo-mthetho ukwabelana ngesondo phakathi kwabantu besini esinye, ukufumana umthetho owalela ucalucalulo olusekelwe kwisini kwindawo yokuhlala yoluntu kunye nengqesho, kunye nokukhetha amagosa oluntu okuqala ngokuphandle angamafanasini.
Ngokwenene, uninzi lwama-gays kunye nama-lesbians ngelo xesha ayengavisisani ngokunzulu ngomtshato. IiLesbian feminists zithande ukulithatha eli ziko njengengcinezelo, xa kujongwe imithetho yemveli eyayilichaza, njengokuzifihla kunye nokungadlwengulwa.
Abantu abaninzi abaneembono ezigxekayo ngesini bawuchasile umtshato wesintu ukuzingisa kokutshata nomntu omnye. Kubo, inkululeko yamafanasini yayiyinkululeko ngokwesondo. Ngeminyaka yoo-1970, ubutshantliziyo bamalungelo abantu abathandana namafanasini babugxile kakhulu ekubonakaleni nakwinkululeko yomntu kunokufikelela kumaziko afana nomtshato.
Amanye amatsha-ntliziyo angamafanasini ayefuna ukuvunyelwa ukuba atshate ngeminyaka yoo-1970. Abanye bayigatya loo ngcamango baza bawugqala umtshato njengento ephelelwe lixesha. NgoDisemba 1973, iAmerican Psychiatric Association yachaza ubufanasini njengokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. I-American Psychological Association ilandele i-1975.
Kwakukho ukuhlehla koluntu kubachasi bamalungelo ama-gay ngenxa yokwanda kokubonakala koluntu lwe-LGBT. U-Anita Bryant, imvumi kunye nowayesakuba nguMiss Oklahoma, wayengumchasi obalaseleyo wamalungelo abantu abathandana nabantu abathandana nabo. Waseka iSave Our Children kwaye wakhankasela ukubhangiswa kwemithetho yasekhaya ethintela ucalucalulo olusekwe kukhetho lwesondo.
Iminyaka yoo-1980 yabona ukwanda kokuchaswa kwabantu abathandana nabantu abathandana bebodwa kunye nocalucalulo ngenxa yobhubhani we-AIDS. Ezi ndaba zikwakhuthaze uluntu lwamafanasini ukuba luququzelele. Emva kokusweleka komdlali we-Rock Hudson, isimo sengqondo malunga noGawulayo kunye noluntu lwama-gay lwaqala ukutshintsha.
Ngo-1983, iCongressman Gerry Studds, D-MA, yaba yiCongressman yokuqala evulekileyo yamafanasini. Walandelwa nguCongressman Barney Frank (D–MA) ngo-1987.
Umthetho woKhuselo lomtshato woMtshato watyikitywa nguMongameli uBill Clinton ngoSeptemba 21, 1996. Lo mthetho womanyano wawuchaza umtshato njengophakathi kwendoda okanye ibhinqa kwinqanaba lomdibaniso. Umthetho we-Federal DOMA waqinisekisa ukuba akukho mbuso unokunyanzela imitshato yama-gay ukuba iqatshelwe kwamanye amazwe. Ikwathintele izibini zesini esifanayo ekufumaneni ukhuseleko kunye nezibonelelo njengezibini ezitshatileyo.
INkundla ePhakamileyo yaseVermont yagweba ngamxhelo-mnye kwityala lika-Baker v. Vermont ngomhla wama-20 kuDisemba, 1999, sokuba abantu besini esinye babenamalungelo afanayo, ukhuseleko kunye neenzuzo ezifanayo nabesini esahlukileyo. I-Vermont yaba lilizwe lokuqala lase-US ukuseka imibutho yasekuhlaleni ngoJulayi 1, 2000. Oku kwanika abantu abatshatileyo besini esinye amalungelo kunye nokhuseleko njengabo bathandana besini esahlukileyo, ngaphandle kokuwubiza umtshato.
INkundla Ephakamileyo yaseUnited States yawisa isigwebo sokuba imithetho yesodomy ichasene nomgaqo-siseko ngoJuni 26, 2003, kwityala elithi Lawrence v. Texas. Inkundla yasikhaba isigqibo senkundla sangoJuni 30, 1986 kwiBowers vs Hardwick. UJustice Antonin Scalia usichasile eso sigqibo wathi uninzi lwesigqibo “siphuma phezu kwemithetho yelizwe exengaxengayo emisela imitshato kubantu besini esahlukileyo.”
NgoNovemba 18, 2003, iNkundla Ephakamileyo YeNkundla yaseMassachusetts yawisa isigwebo sokuba abantu besini esifanayo bafanele bavunyelwe batshate. INkundla yeNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseMassachusetts ayizange inike indlu yowiso-mthetho enye indlela yomtshato, njengoko yenzayo isigqibo seNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseVermont ngowe-1999. Umtshato wokuqala osemthethweni we-gay wenziwa e-US ngoMeyi 17, 2004, eCambridge, MA nguTanya McCloskey (i-massage therapist) kunye noMarcia Kadish (umphathi wengqesho kwinkampani yobunjineli).
Amazwe amane ayesele evalile imitshato yama-gay phambi kuka-2004. I-referenda yasetyenziselwa ukulungisa imigaqo-siseko ye-13 yamazwe ngo-2004 ukuthintela umtshato we-gay. Phakathi kuka-2005 kunye noSeptemba 15, 2010, i-14 iphinda ilandele i-states, ifikelela kwi-30 inani elipheleleyo lamazwe athe avala umtshato we-gay ngokomgaqo-siseko.
I-Senate yase-US ayiphumelelanga ukuvuma ukulungiswa komgaqo-siseko ovala umtshato we-gay ngoJulayi 14. Ifumene iivoti ze-48 kwiivoti ze-60. INdlu yabameli baseMelika yakhaba uhlengahlengiso lomgaqo-siseko wokuvala umtshato wamafanasini ngoSeptemba 30, 2004, ngeevoti ezingama-227 kwi-186.
Urhuluneli uCuomo watyikitya uMthetho wokuLingana koMtshato waseNew York ukuba ube ngumthetho ngoJuni 24, 2011. Oku kuvumela abantu besini esifanayo ukuba batshate ngokusemthethweni eNew York.
Umtshato wamaGay usemthethweni yiNkundla ePhakamileyo yase-US
NgoAprili 28, 2015, iNkundla Ephakamileyo yaseUnited States yaphulaphula iingxoxo zomlomo zika-Obergefell v. Hodges. Ingxabano yayimalunga nokuba umtshato we-gay lilungelo eliqinisekisiweyo nguMgaqo-siseko wase-US kwaye ingaba unokuvunywa ngokusemthethweni njengomtshato kumazwe avala isiko.
INkundla ePhakamileyo yase-US yagweba i-5-4 ngoJuni 26, i-2015, ukuba uMgaqo-siseko wase-US unika izibini zesini esilinganayo ilungelo lokutshata kuwo onke amazwe angama-50.
Ukususela ekubeni iNkundla ePhakamileyo yase-US i-Obergefell v. Hodges yagweba ngoJuni 26, 2015, iTexas iye yasemthethweni umtshato wesini esifanayo. Ilizwe lase-US lalikade liwuvala umtshato wesini esifanayo eTexas ngokwemithetho yalo kunye noMgaqo-siseko weLizwe. UJustice Anthony Kennedy onguMahluleli wathi iNkundla ngokoluvo lwayo oluninzi “ibambe ukuba abantu besini esifanayo banokusebenzisa ilungelo labo elisisiseko lokutshata kuwo onke amazwe.”
UJaji oyiNtloko wase-Alabama u-Roy Moore wayalela abagwebi be-state probate ukuba bangakhupheli iilayisenisi zomtshato kubantu abathandana besini esifanayo ngoJan. 6, 2016. Emva kokuba inkundla yamatyala ibethe ukuvalwa kwe-Alabama kumtshato wama-gay, wakhupha isigqibo esifanayo ngoFebruwari 2015. ayicacanga ukuba ngaba iijaji zeprobate karhulumente ziyayilandela le miyalelo.
Kwabakho ukuhlehla okuphuma kumazwe awathi atshitshiswa ukuvalwa kwawo ngu-Obergefell-v. Isigwebo sikaHodges yiNkundla ePhakamileyo. Oomabhalana abaninzi bengingqi bayeka okanye bala ukukhupha iilayisenisi zomtshato kwizibini ezitshatileyo, okanye ukunika iilayisensi zomtshato nakubani na, bekhankanya ukophulwa kukarhulumente kweenkolelo zabo zonqulo.
Kuwona wonke amatyala oluntu, uKim Davis, kwiNqila yaseRowan, uMabhalane weNqila yaseKentucky, wavalelwa ngokufutshane ngoSeptemba 2015 ngenxa yokudelelwa. Wala ukukhupha iilayisenisi zomtshato kwizibini ezithandanayo kwaye wayalela abasebenzi bakhe ukuba benze njalo. UDavis wakhululwa emva kokuba abasebenzi bakhe beqalise ukukhupha iilayisensi xa engekho. Bathi baza kuqhubeka nokwenjenjalo xa ebuyela emsebenzini.
UMTSHATO WESINI ESINYE EHLABATHINI
NgoAprili 1, 2001, izibini ezine—ibhinqa elinye nendoda emithathu—batshata kumsitho kamabonwakude owawusenziwa ngusodolophu waseAmsterdam, eNetherlands. Oku kwaphawula umtshato wokuqala osemthethweni wehlabathi wamafanasini. Ukongeza eNetherlands, umtshato gay usemthethweni kumazwe angaphezu kwamashumi amathathu.
Ukutshata kwabantu besini esifanayo kuye kwasemthethweni kumazwe amaninzi kwiminyaka yakutshanje. IPalamente yase-United Kingdom eLondon isanda kusemthethweni umtshato wesini esifanayo eNorthern Ireland, eyayililizwe lokugqibela lase-UK ukunqanda abantu abathandana nabasetyhini ukuba batshate. Imitshato yabantu besini esifanayo iye yasemthethweni kulo nyaka e-Ecuador, eTaiwan naseOstriya.
Kwamanye amazwe asandul’ ukusemthethweni ngokusemthethweni ukutshata kwabantu besini esifanayo, iinkundla ziye zafaka umfutho kwiinkundla zamatyala. Umzekelo, ivoti ye-17 kaMeyi kwiYuan yoWiso-mthetho yaseTaiwan (igama elisemthethweni lepalamente yesizwe engafaniyo nenye) yaqhutywa sisigqibo seNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko yeli lizwe ngo-2017, esawutshitshisa umthetho ochaza umtshato njengomanyano phakathi kwendoda nomfazi.
Ngokunjalo, ukwenziwa ngokusemthethweni kwe-Austria yomtshato we-gay ekuqaleni kuka-2019 kufike emva kwesigwebo sika-2017 yiNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko yelizwe. EUnited States, iNkundla Ephakamileyo yawubhangisa ngokusemthethweni umtshato wamafanasini kulo lonke ilizwe ngesigwebo sango-2015.
Ehlabathini lonke, inkoliso yamazwe avumela umtshato wamafanasini aseNtshona Yurophu. Sekunjalo, amazwe amaninzi aseNtshona Yurophu, kuquka i-Italiya neSwitzerland, ayiluvumeli umanyano lwabantu besini esifanayo. Yaye, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukho mazwe akuMbindi nakwiMpuma Yurophu aye asemthethweni umtshato wamafanasini.
Kunye neNew Zealand kunye neOstreliya, iTaiwan sesinye sezizwe ezintathu kuphela kummandla waseAsia-Pacific ezithe zasemthethweni iimanyano zesini esifanayo. E-Afrika, nguMzantsi Afrika kuphela ovumela abantu abathandana nabasetyhini kunye nabasetyhini ukuba batshate, nto leyo eyaba semthethweni ngo-2006.
EMerika, amazwe amahlanu ngaphandle kwe-Ecuador kunye ne-US - i-Argentina, iBrazil, iCanada, i-Colombia ne-Uruguay - isemthethweni umtshato wama-gay. Ukongeza, eminye imimandla yaseMexico ivumela abantu besini esifanayo ukuba batshate.
IJapan ayiqapheli imitshato yabantu besini esinye okanye imitshato yoluntu. Lilo kuphela ilizwe elikwi-G7 elingaqapheliyo ngokusemthethweni imibutho yabantu besini esifanayo nangaluphi na uhlobo. Oomasipala abaliqela kunye nemimandla bakhupha izatifikethi zomfuziselo zentsebenziswano phakathi kwabantu besini esinye, ezibonelela ngezibonelelo ezithile kodwa ezingaboneleli naluphi na ulwamkelo olusemthethweni.
Inkolo, iicawe, kunye nomtshato wesini esifanayo
Icawa yamaKatolika
Ngo-Okthobha ka-2015, oobhishophu ababezimase iNgqungquthela yeSinodi yooBhishophu eRome bavumelana ngoxwebhu lokugqibela olwaphinda lwathi nangona abantu abathandana besini esifanayo bengafanele kucalucalulwa ngokungekho sikweni, iCawa yacaca gca into yokuba umtshato wabantu besini esinye “awunanto yakwenza nesifaniso. ” kumtshato wabantu besini esahlukileyo.
Bakwaqiqa ngelokuba iicawa zasekuhlaleni azifanele zijamelane noxinzelelo lokuvuma okanye ukuxhasa umthetho oqalisa ukutshata kwabantu besini esifanayo, yaye imibutho yamazwe ngamazwe ayifanele ibeke imiqathango yoncedo lwemali kumazwe asakhasayo ukuze inyanzelise ukumiselwa kwemithetho emisela imitshato yabantu besini esifanayo.
Umthendeleko wamaTshetshi
Ukusukela ngo-2016, “amaphondo akhululekileyo avuleleke ekuguquleni imfundiso yeCawa ngomtshato ukuvumela umanyano lwabantu besini esifanayo kuquka iBrazil, Canada, New Zealand, Scotland, South India, South Africa, US and Wales”.
ENgilani naseWales, intsebenziswano yoluntu ivumelekile kubefundisi. “ICawa yaseWales okanye yaseTshetshi ayichasanga ukuba abefundisi babe namahlakani. ICawa yaseTshetshi icela ukuba abefundisi kumahlakani asekuhlaleni benze isibhambathiso sokuhlala benyulu ngokwesini, kodwa iCawa yaseWales ayinamqathango onjalo.”
Ukususela ngowama-2005 iCawa yaseTshetshi iye yavumela abefundisi ukuba babandakanyeke kubudlelane babantu besini esifanayo.
Ubufanasini kunye nobuWesile
I-African Methodist Episcopal Church ayikuxhasi ngokucacileyo okanye ukwalela ukumiselwa ngokuphandle kwabefundisi beLGBTQ. Okwangoku akukho salelo malunga nokumiselwa, kwaye i-AME ayithinteli abantu be-LGBTQ ukuba basebenze njengabafundisi okanye bakhokele ihlelo.
Ivoti eyimbali yecawe yase-African Methodist Episcopal Church, eyayiyivoti yokuqala kwinkonzo yama-Afrika-Amerika ikakhulu kumba wamalungelo omtshato kubantu abathandanayo, ibone icawe ngamxhelo mnye ibakhaba abefundisi ekusikeleleni iimanyano zesini ngoJulayi 2004. Ngokwecawe. iinkokeli, izenzo zobufanasini “ngokucacileyo ziyangqubana nendlela [zazo] eziqonda ngayo iZibhalo.”
I-AME ivala abaphathiswa ukuba basebenze e imitshato yamafanasini. Nangona kunjalo, i-AME ayizange "ikhethe" ukwenza naziphi na iinkcazo ezisemthethweni malunga nobufanasini. Abanye abefundisi abangamafanasini ngokuphandle bamiselwe yiAME.
Nangona i-AME ivotele ngokuchasene nomtshato wesini esifanayo, iNkomfa yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ivotele ukuseka ikomiti ukuba ihlolisise kwaye yenze izindululo zotshintsho kwiimfundiso zecawa kunye nokhathalelo lobufundisi kumalungu e-LGBTQ.
I-Evangelical Methodist Church ikholelwa ukuba ubufanasini buyagwetywa yiBhayibhile njengoko kubonisiwe kwiLevitikus 18-22, kwabaseRoma 1: 26-27 kunye neyoku-1 kwabaseKorinte 6-9-19. Ithi izenzo zobufanasini zinokukhokelela kwisohlwayo sikanaphakade nokufa ngokomoya. Noko ke, ubufanasini ayisosono esikhulu kunokubulala, ukukrexeza nobusela.
Ngoko ke, amafanasini angatshatanga awavumelekanga ukuba angenele iCawa yamaWesile. Ngaphezu koko, abantu abaqhelisela ubufanasini abavumelekanga ukuba babe ngabagqatswa bobulungiseleli obumiselweyo. Ngelixa iCawa ikholelwa ukuba wonke umntu unamalungelo kunye nokhuseleko phantsi komthetho woluntu, ichasene ngokungqongqo nawuphi na umthetho woluntu okhuthaza ubufanasini njengendlela yokuphila eqhelekileyo.
Onke amafanasini akholelwa kuYesu Krestu kwaye ayeke ukwenza izenzo zobufanasini amkelekile kwiCawa ye-Evangelical Methodist.
Ithini iBhayibhile ngobufanasini?
IBhayibhile ayithethi nto ‘ngobufanasini’ njengobuntu bemvelo. Ukuqhelaniswa nesondo kwakungaqondwa ngamaxesha ebhayibhile. Kodwa abanye abantu basazifumana izibakala ezingqina oko kuthethwa yiBhayibhile ngokutshata kwabantu besini esinye ngokwembono yabo.
IBhayibhile ichaza umtshato kwiGenesis 2:24 njengomanyano phakathi kwendoda enye nomfazi omnye. UYesu Krestu uyayixhasa le ngcaciso yomtshato kuMateyu 19:5, njengoko esenza uMpostile uPawulos kwabase-Efese 5:31. Nawuphi na umsebenzi wesondo othathayo indawo ngaphandle kwalo mongo uphathwa njengesono, oko uYesu akubiza ngokuba ‘kukuhenyuza’ kuMarko 7:21 .
Ukongeza koku, ukwenza isini esifanayo kugxininiswe ngokukodwa njengesono amaxesha amaninzi kwiSibhalo. Ngokomzekelo, kuMthetho kaThixo, ukugwetywa kwabantu besini esifanayo kuchazwe kwiLevitikus 18:22 nesama-20:13 .
Ezinye izingqinisiso zenziwe kwiTestamente eNtsha. Ngokomzekelo, kumaRoma 1:24-32 , phakathi kwengxelo yendalo ekwiGenesis, uqheliselo lwamadoda nabafazi besini esinye luphathwa njengesono. Iimbekiselo ezingakumbi ngesono sokuziphatha kwabantu besini esinye zinokubonwa kweyoku-1 kwabaseKorinte 6:9 nakweyoku-1 kuTimoti 1:10.
IZibhalo, ke ngoko, ziyangqinelana ekuthinteleni kwabo ukwabelana ngesondo kwabantu besini esinye, ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo embali yosindiso kunye nakwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zenkcubeko. Nangona iZibhalo ziyichaza ngokucacileyo imilinganiselo yesini, zikwasixelela ukuba ithemba loxolelo nobomi obungunaphakade libekwe kuye nabani na osishiyayo isono aze abe nokholo kuKristu ( Marko 1:15 ), kungakhathaliseki ukuba bawele kangakanani na. emfutshane yoyilo lwakhe olulungileyo lwesondo kunye nomtshato.
Imibutho yabasebenzi
Umanyano lwabahlali, ubuqabane boluntu, ubambiswano lwasekhaya, ubambiswano olubhalisiweyo, iqabane elingabhaliswanga, kunye nemiqathango yokuhlalisana engabhaliswanga inika izibonelelo ezisemthethweni ezahlukeneyo zomtshato.
Phambi kwesigqibo sika-Obergefell, amazwe amaninzi andise amalungelo asemthethweni afumanekayo kumaqabane esini esinye ngomanyano lwasekuhlaleni kunye nobudlelwane basekhaya kunokuvumela umtshato wesini esifanayo. Ekubeni i-Obergefell idinga ukuba umtshato wesini esifanayo uvunyelwe kuwo onke amazwe, akucaci ukuba ezi zikhetho ziya kuqhubeka zifanelekile okanye ziyimfuneko.
Nangona kunjalo, bahlala befumaneka ngokusemthethweni kwaye ezinye izibini ziqhubeka nokugcina ubudlelwane obusemthethweni ngezi fomu. Imibutho yasekuhlaleni inikezela ngolwamkelo olusemthethweni kubudlelwane bezibini kwaye ibonelela ngamalungelo asemthethweni kumaqabane afana nalawo anikwe amaqabane emitshatweni.
UMTSHATO WESINI ESINYE KWINKCUBEKO EDUMILEYO
Akunakwenzeka ukwazi ukuba yimalini nokuzonwabisa esoloko eqhuba uluntu kunokuba ayibonakalise nje. Kodwa kunzima ukuyiphepha imvakalelo yokuba iminyaka emihlanu okanye emithandathu edlulileyo ibone umjikelo wenkcubeko onesidima.
I-2009 yayingunyaka apho abaphulaphuli badibana noCam noMitch (u-Eric Stonestreet kunye UJesse Tyler Ferguson), isibini esingamafanasini esihlala kunye nentombi eyamkhulisayo. Babengatshatanga xa uthotho lwaqalayo-Isindululo sesi-8 kwindawo yabo yaseCalifornia yabalela, kwaye babopha iqhina nje ukuba libhukuqiwe-kodwa babejonga imiceli mngeni yokuba kubudlelwane bexesha elide kwiscreen veki nganye njengoko bejikeleza. Abantu abazizigidi ezili-10 babukele ekhaya.
Lo mboniso waba ngomnye wemisebenzi embalwa yeTV enomtsalane kwinkcubeko yeminyaka ka-Obama, ejongwe kumazwe abomvu nakwilizwe eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, igama lihlolwe nguAnn Romney kunye nomongameli ngokufanayo. Uphando luka-2012 lwaseHollywood Reporter lwafumanisa ukuba i-27 pesenti yabavoti abanokuthi babonise abantu abathandana nabasetyhini kumabonwakude babenze batshata ngakumbi, kwaye kukho iingxelo zeendaba zabantu ababonisa uvelwano lwabo olutsha kubantu abathandana nabantu abathandana nabo kwiNtsapho yanamhlanje.
Umabonwakude ubonise abantu abakhohlakeleyo amashumi eminyaka (Will & Grace, Glee, All in the Family and Golden Girls). Ibe yinkqubela ecothayo, nangona kunjalo. Uninzi lwezi nkqubo ziqhubela phambili iinkolelo zabantu kwaye zijolise kubantu abamhlophe ngaphandle kwabo bonke abanye abantu.
UCam kunye noMitch baye baba bubuna njengoko nabani na unokubuza-ngokungafaniyo nezibini ezithe tye abahlala nazo, abafane babambene, bangathethi ngesondo, kwaye benze into enkulu ngokuphuza esidlangalaleni.
Kodwa inyaniso kukuba umboniso ngamnye othandwayo wobomi be-gay wanceda ukukhuthaza uthungelwano ukuba athathe amathuba kwabanye, kwaye namhlanje kukho ukungafani okungazange kubonwe ngaphambili ekuboniseni ubulili kumabonwakude, njengoko kubonisiwe kwiinkqubo ezifana ne-Empire kunye ne-Orange nguMnyama oMtsha.
Iinyani malunga nomtshato wesini esifanayo
Isabelo sabantu baseMelika abathanda umtshato wesini esifanayo sikhule ngokuthe ngcembe kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, kodwa inkxaso yoluntu iye yehla kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo. Malunga nesine-kwishumi labantu abadala base-US (37%) bathanda ukuvumela ama-gays kunye neelesbians ukuba batshate ngo-2009, isabelo esinyuke saya kutsho kuma-62% ngo-2017. Kodwa iimbono azitshintshanga kakhulu kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo. Malunga nabathandathu kwabalishumi baseMelika (i-61%) baxhasa umtshato wesini esifanayo kolona vavanyo lwamva nje lweZiko loPhando lwePew ngalo mba, olwenziwa ngoMatshi ka-2019.
Nangona inkxaso e-US yomtshato wesini esifanayo iye yanda phakathi kwawo onke amaqela abantu, kusekho ulwahlulo olukhulu lwabantu kunye namaqela. Umzekelo, namhlanje, i-79% yabantu baseMelika abanganxulumananga nenkolo bathanda umtshato wesini esifanayo, njengoko benzayo i-66% yamaProtestanti amhlophe kunye nama-61% amaKhatholika. Phakathi kwamaProtestanti amhlophe, nangona kunjalo, yi-29% kuphela ethanda umtshato wesini esifanayo. Kusenjalo, oku kuqikelelwa ngokuphindwe kabini kwinqanaba (15%) ngo-2009.
Ngelixa inkxaso yomtshato wesini esifanayo ikhule ngokuthe ngcembe kuwo onke amaqela azalanayo kule minyaka ili-15 idlulileyo, kusekho izikhewu ezinkulu zobudala. Umzekelo, ama-45% abantu abadala kwiSizukulwana esiThulileyo (abo bazalwa phakathi ko-1928 kunye no-1945) bathanda ukuvumela abantu abathandana nabasetyhini kunye nabasetyhini ukuba batshate, xa kuthelekiswa ne-74% yeMillennials (abazalwe phakathi ko-1981 kunye no-1996). Kukwakho iyantlukwano enkulu yezopolitiko: amaRiphabhlikhi kunye nabazimeleyo abaxhomekeke kwiRiphabhlikhi banqabile ukuba bathande umtshato wesini esifanayo kuneDemocrats kunye neDemocratic leaners (44% vs. 75%).
Imitshato yabantu besini esinye iya isanda. Uphando olwenziwa nguGallup ngo-2017 lufumanisa ukuba malunga ne-LGBT yaseMelika enye kwishumi (10.2%) itshate nomntu wesini esifanayo, ukusuka kwiinyanga ngaphambi kwesigqibo senkundla ephakamileyo (7.9%). Ngenxa yoko, uninzi (i-61%) yabantu abathandana besini esifanayo batshatileyo ukususela ngo-2017, ukusuka kwi-38% ngaphambi kwesigwebo.
Njengoluntu ngokubanzi, abantu baseMelika abachonga njengelesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender (LGBT) banokuthi bacaphule uthando njengesizathu esibaluleke kakhulu sokutshata. Kwi-survey ye-Pew Research Centre ka-2013, i-84% yabantu abadala be-LGBT kunye ne-88% yoluntu ngokubanzi bachaza uthando njengesizathu esibaluleke kakhulu sokutshata, kwaye ubuncinane abasixhenxe kwabalishumi kuwo omabini amaqela akhankanya ubuqabane (71% kunye ne-76% , ngokulandelelana). Kodwa kwakukho umahluko, kwakhona. I-LGBT yaseMelika, umzekelo, ibilindeleke ngokuphindwe kabini kunabo bonke abantu ngokubanzi ukuba bacaphule amalungelo asemthethweni kunye neenzuzo njengesizathu esibaluleke kakhulu sokutshata (i-46% xa ithelekiswa nama-23%), ngelixa abo kuluntu ngokubanzi baphantse baphinda kabini kunako. LGBT Americans ukucaphula ukuba nabantwana (49% xa kuthelekiswa 28%).
I-US iphakathi kwamazwe angama-29 kunye namagunya avumela abantu abathandana nabasetyhini kunye nabasetyhini ukuba batshate. Isizwe sokuqala ukusemthethweni umtshato wama-gay yi-Netherlands, eyakwenza oko ngo-2000. Ukususela ngoko, amanye amazwe aseYurophu - kuquka iNgilani neWales, iFransi, i-Ireland, yonke iScandinavia, iSpain kwaye, kutshanje, i-Austria, iJamani kunye neMalta - baye basemthethweni umtshato wamafanasini. Ngaphandle kweYurophu, ukutshata kwabantu besini esifanayo ngoku kusemthethweni eArgentina, eOstreliya, eBrazil, eKhanada, eKholombiya, e-Ecuador, eNew Zealand, eMzantsi Afrika naseUruguay, nakwezinye iindawo zaseMexico. Kwaye ngoMeyi ka-2019, iTaiwan yaba lilizwe lokuqala e-Asia ukuvumela abantu abathandana nabasetyhini kunye nabasetyhini ukuba batshate ngokusemthethweni.
Yima, kuninzi. Nazi ezinye iinyani ezili-11 malunga nomtshato we-LGBTQ ovela e-US nakwihlabathi liphela.
1. I-Netherlands yaba lilizwe lokuqala ukubhalisa umtshato wesini esifanayo ngo-2001.
2. Ukusukela ngo-2014, amazwe ali-13 angakumbi abhalise ngokusemthethweni imitshato yabantu besini esifanayo. UMzantsi Afrika, iBelgium, iDenmark, iSweden, iKhanada neSpeyin ngamanye ala mazwe. IMassachusetts yaba lilizwe lokuqala lase-US ukwenza ngokusemthethweni umtshato wesini esifanayo ngo-2004.
3. Ukususela ngo-2014, amazwe angama-20 alandelayo: Iowa, iVermont, iMaine, iNew York, iConnecticut, iWashington, iMaryland, iNew Hampshire, iOregon, iCalifornia, iNew Mexico, iMinnesota, i-Iowa, i-Illinois, i-Indiana, iHawaii, i-Rhode Island, i-Delaware, i-Pennsylvania. , kunye neWashington DC
4. Ngo-2012, uMongameli u-Obama wenza iMbali yase-US xa wayexelela i-ABC News, "Ndicinga ukuba abantu besini esifanayo kufuneka bakwazi ukutshata. Buza abahlobo bakho kunye nabanye abaphembeleli bezentlalo ukuba babonise inkxaso yabo kumalungelo e-LGBTQ. Bhalisela i-Love It Forward.
5. IAlaska kunye neHawaii yayingamazwe okuqala ukuvala ngokusemthethweni umtshato wesini esifanayo ngo-1998.
6. I-16 ithi iyawuvala umtshato wesini esifanayo, eminye ngokulungiswa komgaqo-siseko, enye ngomthetho, kwaye uninzi ngabo bobabini.
7. I-7 ithi ibonelela, ukuba ayingawo onke, amalungelo omtshato kwizibini ezingatshatanga kubudlelwane basekhaya, kubandakanya iCalifornia, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, Hawaii, Maine, kunye neWisconsin.
8. Ukususela ngo-2014, i-55% yabantu baseMelika bakholelwa ukuba umtshato wesini esifanayo kufuneka ube semthethweni.
9. Kwi-2013, iNkundla ePhakamileyo yatshitshisa iinxalenye zoMthetho woKhuselo loMtshato (i-DOMA) (owuchaza umtshato njengomanyano phakathi kwendoda nomfazi) kwaye yachaza ukuba urhulumente wesini uya kuqaphela imitshato yesini esifanayo njengomthetho.
10. Kumazwe amaninzi anjengeSudan, i-Iran, neSaudi Arabia, abantu abathandana namafanasini banokohlwaywa ngesigwebo sentambo.
11. Nangona umtshato wesini esifanayo wawungekho semthethweni de kwaba ngoo-2000, abantu besini esifanayo babetshata kwiinkqubo zikamabonakude ngeminyaka yoo-1990. I-sitcom ethi "Roseanne" ibonise umtshato wesini esifanayo kwi-1995 ngelixa "Abahlobo" babonisa umtshato we-lesbian kwi-1996.
Imibuzo ebuzwa qho
IiReferensi kunye noFundo olongezelelweyo
- Imbali yomtshato weGay kwiProCon.org
- Iincwadi kwiGay & Lesbian Marriage eBarnes & Nobel
- Pop inkcubeko ukubumba ingxoxo yomtshato wesini esifanayo ngexesha LA
- Umtshato wesini esifanayo kwihlabathi liphela kwiZiko loPhando lasePew
- Iimbono zonqulo ngomtshato wesini esifanayo kwi-Wikipedia.org
Shiya iMpendulo