UMHLAHLANDLELA WAKHO EMSHADWENI WOBILI OBUFIKE E-US NASEMHLABENI WONKE
Namuhla ohulumeni abaningi ngokwengeziwe emhlabeni wonke bacabangela ukunikeza ukuqashelwa okungokomthetho kwemishado yabantu bobulili obufanayo. Kuze kube manje, amazwe angama-30 nezindawo asebeshaye imithetho kazwelonke evumela ongqingili kanye nongqingili ukuthi bashade, ikakhulukazi eYurophu naseMelika. Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka ukuthi kwaqala kanjani nokuthi yini eholele ekutheni sibe khona namuhla.
UMLANDO WOMSHADO WOBILI OBUFILEYO
Izinyunyana zobulili obufanayo zaziwa eGrisi naseRoma lasendulo, eMesopotamiya yasendulo, kwezinye izindawo zaseShayina, njengesifundazwe saseFujian, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile emlandweni wasendulo waseYurophu.
Imikhuba namasiko omshado wobulili obufanayo kwaqashelwa kakhulu eMesophothamiya kunaseGibhithe lasendulo. I-Almanac of Incantations yayiqukethe imithandazo evuna ngokulinganayo uthando lwendoda kowesifazane nolowesilisa ngendoda.
Esifundazweni esiseningizimu yeShayina i-Guangdong, ngesikhathi sobukhosi bakwa-Ming, abesifazane babezibophezela ezinkontilekeni nabesifazane abasebasha emikhosini enemininingwane. Abesilisa nabo bangenela izinhlelo ezifanayo. Lolu hlobo lokuhlelwa lwalufana nomlando wasendulo waseYurophu.
Isibonelo sobambiswano lwasekhaya lwabesilisa olulinganayo kusukela ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sobukhosi bakwa-Zhou e-China siqoshwe endabeni ka-Pan Zhang & Wang Zhongxian. Nakuba ubudlelwano bugunyazwe umphakathi obanzi futhi buqhathaniswa nomshado wabantu bobulili obuhlukile, abuzange bufake umcimbi wenkolo obopha umbhangqwana.
Eminye imiphakathi yasekuqaleni yaseNtshonalanga yayihlanganisa ubudlelwano bobulili obufanayo. Umkhuba wothando lobulili obufanayo eGreece yasendulo wawuvame ukuthatha uhlobo lwe-pederasty, olwalunqunyelwe isikhathi eside futhi, ezimweni eziningi, lwalukhona kanye nomshado. Amacala abhaliwe kulesi sifunda athi lezi zinyunyana ziwubudlelwane besikhashana besikhashana.
IQembu Elingcwele laseThebes lalibizwa kanjalo ngenxa yokuthi imibhangqwana yesilisa eyalenza yayishintshana ngezifungo ezingcwele phakathi komthandi nothandekayo endaweni engcwele ka-Iolaus, othandekayo kaHeracles. Lezi zinyunyana zadala inkinga yokuziphatha kumaGreki futhi azamukelwanga emhlabeni wonke.
UMSHADO WOBILI OBUFILEYO EZINCWADINI
Yize u-Homer engazange aveze ngokucacile u-Achilles no-Patroclus njengabathanda abantu bobulili obufanayo ku-Iliad, ababhali bakudala bakamuva babethula ubuhlobo babo bunjalo.
U-Aeschylus uveza u-Achilles njengesithandwa esihamba ngezinyawo enhlekeleleni yakhe yekhulu lesi-5 BC i-Myrmidons. U-Achilles ukhuluma “ngokuqabula kwethu okuvamile kanye “nenhlangano ezinikele” yamathanga esiqeshini somdlalo esasinda.
UPlato naye wenza into efanayo kuSymposium yakhe (385-3370 BC); I-Phaedrus ibhekisela ku-Aeschylus futhi iphakamisa u-Achilles njengesibonelo sokuthi abantu bangaba kanjani nesibindi futhi bazimisele ukuzidela ngenxa yabathandekayo babo. U-Aeschines uphikisa encwadini yakhe ethi Oration Against Timarchus ukuthi uHomer "ufihla uthando lwabo futhi ugwema ukunikeza isihloko ebunganeni babo", kodwa uHomer wayecabanga ukuthi abafundi abafundile bazokwazi ukuqonda "ubukhulu obudlulele" bothando lwabo.
I-Symposium ka-Plato ihlanganisa inganekwane yendalo (inkulumo ka-Aristophanes), echaza ubungqingili futhi igubha isiko eliphansi lothando oluvusa inkanuko phakathi kwabesifazane (inkulumo kaPausanias), kanye nenye yezingxoxo zakhe (Phaedrus).
Izinkondlo zasendulo zathonywa ukuqaphela ukukhangwa kwabesilisa nabesilisa ngokusebenzisa i-pederasty yamaGreki yasendulo (emuva ngo-650 BC), futhi kamuva, nokwamukelwa kobungqingili obuthile eRoma.
Eyesibili ye-Virgil's Eclogues (ikhulu lokuqala leminyaka BC) ibona umalusi u-Corydon ememezela uthando lwakhe ngo-Alexis ku-Eclogue 1. Izinkondlo ezivusa inkanuko zikaCatullus ekhulwini elifanayo zaziqondiswe kwamanye amadoda (Carmen 2-48, 50, and 99). Eculweni lomshado (Carmen 99) uveza isancinza sowesilisa esizothathelwa indawo inkosi yaso.
Umugqa wakhe wokuqala odumile u-Carmen 16 - oye wachazwa "njengenye yezinkulumo ezingcolile ezibhalwe ngesiLatini noma nganoma yiluphi olunye ulimi ngaleyo ndaba," - uqukethe izenzo zocansi ezisobala.
ISatyricon kaPetronius iyinganekwane yesiLatini echaza izigigaba nothando luka-Encolpius nesithandwa sakhe u-Giton (umfana oyinceku oneminyaka engu-16 ubudala). Yabhalwa phakathi nokubusa kukaNero ngekhulu lokuqala AD futhi ingumbhalo omdala kunayo yonke owaziwayo obonisa ubungqingili.
Inoveli yaseJapan edumile ka-Murasaki Shikibu ethi The Tale of Genji yabhalwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-11. Umlingiswa wesihloko u-Hikaru Genji wenqatshiwe esahlukweni 3.
Kunalokho ulala nomfowabo omncane. “UGenji wamdonsela phansi eduze kwakhe. UGenji yena, noma kanjalo kubikwa ukuthi, wathola umfana ethandeka kakhulu kunodadewabo obandayo.”
I-Alcibiades, i-Schoolboy ka-Antonio Rocco, yanyatheliswa ngokungaziwa ngo-1652. Kuyingxoxo yesiNtaliyane evikela ubungqingili bobulili obufanayo. Umsebenzi wokuqala owaziwayo ocacile njengalona kusukela kudala.
Inhloso ehlosiwe ye-Alcibiades the Schoolboy, eyanyatheliswa ngokungaziwa ngo-1652, kwakuwukuvikela i-pederasty noma ukwenza izinto ezingcolile. Lokhu kuye kwaphikiswana ngakho.
Izincwadi eziningi zaseYurophu zangenkathi ephakathi zihlanganisa izinkomba zobungqingili. Isibonelo, encwadini kaGiovanni Boccaccio ethi Decameron noma Lanval (i-French lai) lapho u-Lanval, iqhawe, esolwa nguGuinevere ngokuthi "akanakho isifiso ngowesifazane". Eminye imisebenzi ihlanganisa izingqikithi zobungqingili njenge-Yde et Olive.
Ukulingana Komshado e-United States
Ekuqaleni kwawo-1970, phakathi nokuqubuka kwezishoshovu zezitabane ezadalwa izibhelu zaseStonewall eGreenwich Village, imibhangqwana eminingi yobulili obufanayo yafaka amacala ifuna amalayisensi omshado. Izinkantolo azizange zizithathele phezulu izimpikiswano zazo. Ijaji lecala eKentucky layala omunye ummangali othandana nabanye besifazane ukuthi ngeke avunyelwe ukungena enkantolo ngaphandle uma eshintsha iphenti lakhe agqoke ingubo. Amajaji eNkantolo Ephakeme yaseMinnesota ngeke ahloniphe isimangalo somshado wezitabane ngokubuza ngisho nombuzo owodwa engxoxweni yomlomo.
Hlola i-US ephelele umugqa wesikhathi womshado wobulili obufanayo kwenye iposi.
Ukulingana emshadweni kwakungeyona into ehamba phambili ezishoshovu zezitabane. Kunalokho, bagxile ekunqumeni ubulili obuvunyelwene phakathi kwabalingani bobulili obufanayo, ukuthola umthetho owenqabela ukucwaswa okusekelwe ekukhetheni ubulili ezindaweni zokuhlala zomphakathi kanye nokuqashwa, kanye nokukhetha izikhulu zikahulumeni zokuqala ezisobala eziyizitabane.
Ngempela, ongqingili abaningi kanye nama-lesbians ngaleso sikhathi babenemibono ejulile ngomshado. Abesifazane besifazane abathandana nabobulili obufanayo babevame ukuthatha lesi sikhungo njengengcindezelo, uma kubhekwa imithetho yendabuko eyayisichaza, njengokufihla kanye nokuvikeleka ekudlwengulweni.
Abaningi abathanda ubulili babephikisana nokuphikelela komshado wendabuko wokuthi umuntu abe nomfazi oyedwa. Kubo, ukukhululwa kwezitabane kwakuyinkululeko yobulili. Ngeminyaka yawo-1970, ukulwela amalungelo ezitabane kwakugxile kakhulu ekubonakaleni nasekukhululekeni komuntu siqu kunokufinyelela ezikhungweni ezifana nomshado.
Ezinye izishoshovu zezitabane zazifuna ukuvunyelwa ukushada ngeminyaka yawo-1970. Abanye bawenqaba lowo mbono futhi babheka umshado njengento eyisidala. Ngo-December 1973, i-American Psychiatric Association yahlukanisa ubungqingili njengokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. I-American Psychological Association yalandela okufanayo ngo-1975.
Kwakukhona a ukuhlehla komphakathi kusukela kwabamelene namalungelo ezitabane ngenxa yokwanda kokubonakala komphakathi we-LGBT. U-Anita Bryant, ongumculi nowake waba nguMiss Oklahoma, wayengumphikisi ovelele wamalungelo ezitabane. Usungule i-Save Our Children futhi wakhankasela ukuchithwa kwemithetho yendawo evimbela ukucwaswa okusekelwe ekukhetheni ubulili.
Ngeminyaka yawo-1980 kwaba nokwanda kokucwaswa kwezitabane nokucwaswa ngenxa yobhubhane lwengculazi. Lezi zindaba ziphinde zakhuthaza imiphakathi eyizitabane ukuthi ihlele. Ngemva kokushona komlingisi u-Rock Hudson, izimo zengqondo nge-AIDS kanye nomphakathi wezitabane zaqala ukushintsha.
Ngo-1983, uKhongolose uGerry Studds, D-MA, waba nguKhongolose wokuqala osobala wobungqingili. Walandelwa nguCongressman Barney Frank (D-MA) ngo-1987.
I-Federal Defense of Marriage Act yasayinwa nguMongameli uBill Clinton ngoSepthemba 21, 1996. Lo mthetho wombuso uchaza umshado njephakathi kwendoda noma owesifazane ezingeni likahulumeni. Umthetho we-Federal DOMA waqinisekisa ukuthi asikho isimo esingaphoqa imishado yezitabane ukuthi yaziwe kwezinye izifundazwe. Kuphinde kwavimbela imibhangqwana yobulili obufanayo ekutholeni ukuvikeleka kombuso kanye nezinzuzo njengezithandani ezishadile ezinobulili obuhlukile.
INkantolo Ephakeme yaseVermont yakhipha isinqumo ngazwi linye ecaleni lika-Baker v. Vermont ngo-December 20, 1999, ukuthi imibhangqwana yobulili obufanayo yayinamalungelo, ukuvikelwa kanye nezinzuzo ezifanayo nezithandani ezinobulili obuhlukile. I-Vermont yaba izwe lokuqala lase-US ukusungula izinyunyana zomphakathi ngomhlaka-1 Julayi, 2000. Lokhu kwanikeza imibhangqwana eshadile yobulili obufanayo amalungelo nokuvikelwa okufanayo njengezithandani ezinobulili obuhlukile, ngaphandle kokukubiza ngokuthi umshado.
INkantolo Ephakeme yase-US yakhipha isinqumo sokuthi imithetho ye-sodomy iphambene nomthethosisekelo ngo-June 26, 2003, ecaleni lika-Lawrence v. Texas. Inkantolo yasichitha isinqumo senkantolo sangoJuni 30, 1986 eBowers vs Hardwick. IJaji u-Antonin Scalia eliphikisa leso sinqumo lathi isinqumo seningi “sishiya phezu kwemithetho yezwe entengayo ekhawulela imishado kubantu bobulili obuhlukile.”
INkantolo Ephakeme YaseMassachusetts yakhipha isinqumo ngoNovemba 18, 2003, sokuthi imibhangqwana yobulili obufanayo kufanele ivunyelwe ukushada. INkantolo Ephakeme Yezobulungiswa yaseMassachusetts ayizange inikeze isishayamthetho enye indlela yomshado, njengoba kwenza isinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme yaseVermont yango-1999. Umshado wokuqala osemthethweni wezitabane wenziwa e-US ngoMeyi 17, 2004, eCambridge, MA ngu-Tanya McCloskey (umassage therapist) no-Marcia Kadish (umphathi wokuqashwa enkampanini yobunjiniyela).
Izifunda ezine zase zivele zayivala imishado yezitabane ngaphambi kuka-2004. Ireferenda yasetshenziswa ukuchibiyela imithetho-sisekelo yezifunda ezingu-13 ngo-2004 ukuze kwenqabele ukushada kwezitabane. Phakathi kuka-2005 no-Sep. 15, 2010, izifunda ezingu-14 ezengeziwe zalandela okufanayo, okulethe ku-30 isamba senani lezifunda ezivimbele ukushada kwezitabane ngokomthethosisekelo.
ISigele saseMelika sihlulekile ukugunyaza ukuchitshiyelwa komthethosisekelo ovimbela umshado wezitabane ngoJulayi 14. Lithole amavoti angu-48 kumavoti angu-60. I-US House of Representatives yasichitha isichibiyelo somthethosisekelo sokuvimbela umshado wobungqingili ngoSepthemba 30, 2004, ngamavoti angu-227 kwangu-186.
Umbusi uCuomo usayine uMthetho Wokulingana Komshado waseNew York ukuba ube ngumthetho ngoJuni 24, 2011. Lokhu kuvumela abantu bobulili obufanayo ukuthi bashade ngokusemthethweni eNew York.
Umshado Wezitabane Ugunyazwe Inkantolo Ephakeme YaseMelika
Ngo-April 28, 2015, iNkantolo Ephakeme Yase-US yalalela izimpikiswano zomlomo ecaleni lika-Obergefell v. Hodges. Ingxabano yayimayelana nokuthi ukushada kwezitabane kuyilungelo eliqinisekiswe uMthethosisekelo wase-US nokuthi ingabe kungaqashelwa ngokomthetho njengomshado ezifundazweni ezivimbela lo mkhuba.
INkantolo Ephakeme yase-US yakhipha isinqumo sika-5-4 ngoJuni 26, 2015, sokuthi uMthethosisekelo wase-US unikeza imibhangqwana yobulili obulinganayo ilungelo lokushada kuzo zonke izifundazwe ezingu-50.
Kusukela isinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme yase-US sika-Obergefell v. Hodges ngo-June 26, 2015, i-Texas iye yagunyaza umshado wobulili obufanayo. Izwe laseMelika phambilini laliwuvalile umshado wobulili obufanayo eTexas ngazo zombili izimiso kanye noMthethosisekelo walo Wesifundazwe. I-Associate Justice Anthony Kennedy yathi iNkantolo ngokombono wayo iningi “yayithi imibhangqwana yobulili obufanayo ingasebenzisa ilungelo layo eliyisisekelo lokushada kuzo zonke izifundazwe.”
IJaji Eliyinhloko lase-Alabama u-Roy Moore uyalele amajaji e-state probate ukuthi angawakhiphi amalayisense omshado abathandana nobulili obufanayo ngo-Jan. 6, 2016. Ngemva kokuba inkantolo yombuso ihoxise ukuvinjelwa kwemishado yezitabane kwase-Alabama, wakhipha isinqumo esifanayo ngoFebhuwari 2015. akucaci ukuthi ngabe amajaji e-state probate ayayilandela yini le miyalelo.
Kube nokuhlehlana kwezizwe okwachithwa ukuvinjelwa kwazo ngu-Obergefell-v. Isinqumo sikaHodges seNkantolo Ephakeme. Omabhalane abaningi bezifunda bayeka noma benqaba ukukhipha amalayisense omshado ezitabane, noma ukunikeza amalayisense omshado kunoma ubani, besho ukuphulwa kukahulumeni kwezinkolelo zabo zenkolo.
Emacaleni amaningi asesidlangalaleni, uKim Davis, Rowan County, Kentucky's County Clerk, waboshwa isikhashana ngoSepthemba 2015 ngenxa yokwedelela. Wenqaba ukukhipha izimvume zomshado ezitabane futhi wayala abasebenzi bakhe ukuba benze njalo. UDavis wadedelwa ngemuva kokuthi abasebenzi bakhe beqale ukukhipha amalayisense yena engekho. Bathe bazoqhubeka nokwenza uma esebuyele emsebenzini.
UMSHADO WOBILI OBUFANA EMHLABENI WONKE
Ngo-April 1, 2001, imibhangqwana emine - owesifazane oyedwa nowesilisa abathathu - bashada emcimbini wethelevishini owawuphethwe umphathi-dolobha wase-Amsterdam, eNetherlands. Lokhu kube umcimbi wokuqala osemthethweni womshado wezitabane emhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwe-Netherlands, umshado wezitabane usemthethweni emazweni angaphezu kwamashumi amathathu.
Imishado yabantu bobulili obufanayo isisemthethweni emazweni andayo eminyakeni yamuva nje. IPhalamende lase-United Kingdom eLondon lisanda kubhalisa ngokusemthethweni imishado yabantu bobulili obufanayo eNyakatho ye-Ireland, obekuyizwe lokugcina elise-UK ukuvimba izitabane ukuthi zishade. Imishado yabantu bobulili obufanayo nayo ibe semthethweni kulo nyaka e-Ecuador, eTaiwan nase-Austria.
Kwamanye amazwe asanda kugunyaza ukushada kwabantu bobulili obufanayo, umfutho woshintsho olungokomthetho uvela ezinkantolo. Isibonelo, ivoti langoMeyi 17 ku-Yuan yesishayamthetho sase-Taiwan (igama elisemthethweni lephalamende lezwe elingajwayelekile) ligqugquzelwe yisinqumo sango-2017 seNkantolo Yomthethosisekelo yezwe, esachitha umthetho ochaza umshado njengenyunyana phakathi kwendoda nowesifazane.
Ngokunjalo, ukwenziwa ngokusemthethweni kwe-Austria komshado wezitabane ekuqaleni kuka-2019 kwenzeke ngemuva kwesinqumo sango-2017 seNkantolo Yomthethosisekelo yezwe. E-United States, iNkantolo Ephakeme yagunyaza umshado wezitabane ngokusemthethweni ezweni lonke ngesinqumo sango-2015.
Emhlabeni wonke, amazwe amaningi avumela ukushada kwezitabane aseNtshonalanga Yurophu. Noma kunjalo, amazwe amaningi aseNtshonalanga Yurophu, kuhlanganise ne-Italy neSwitzerland, awakuvumeli ukuhlangana kwabantu bobulili obufanayo. Futhi, kuze kube manje, awekho amazwe aseCentral naseMpumalanga Yurophu aye agunyaza umshado wongqingili ngokomthetho.
Kanye ne-New Zealand ne-Australia, i-Taiwan ingelinye lamazwe amathathu kuphela esifundeni sase-Asia-Pacific agunyaze ngokusemthethweni izinyunyana zobulili obufanayo. E-Afrika, iNingizimu Afrika kuphela evumela izitabane kanye nama-lesbians ukuthi zishade, okwaba semthethweni ngo-2006.
Emazweni aseMelika, amazwe amahlanu ngaphandle kwe-Ecuador kanye ne-US - i-Argentina, iBrazil, iCanada, iColombia ne-Uruguay - agunyaze umshado wezitabane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izindawo eMexico zivumela abantu bobulili obufanayo ukuthi bashade.
I-Japan ayiboni imishado yabantu bobulili obufanayo noma imishado yomphakathi. Yilona kuphela izwe ku-G7 elingaqapheli ngokomthetho izinyunyana zobulili obufanayo nganoma yiluphi uhlobo. Omasipala abambalwa nezifunda bakhipha izitifiketi ezingokomfanekiso zobudlelwane bobulili obufanayo, ezinikeza izinzuzo ezithile kodwa ezinganikezi noma yikuphi ukuqashelwa okusemthethweni.
Inkolo, amasonto, nomshado wobulili obufanayo
ISonto LamaKatolika
NgoMfumfu wezi-2015, ababhishobhi ababethamele uMhlangano Ojwayelekile Weshumi Nane weSinodi Yababhishobhi eRome bavumelana ngombhalo wokugcina owawugcizelela ukuthi nakuba ongqingili akufanele bacwaswe ngokungafanele, iBandla kwacaca ukuthi umshado wobulili obufanayo “awufani ngisho nakude. ” emshadweni wabantu bobulili obuhlukile.
Baphinde bathi amasonto endawo akufanele abhekane nengcindezi yokuqaphela noma ukusekela umthetho osungula umshado wobulili obufanayo, futhi akufanele izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe zibeke imibandela ngosizo lwezimali emazweni asathuthuka ukuze ziphoqe ukwethulwa kwemithetho esungula ukushada kwabantu bobulili obufanayo.
Isidlo SaseSheshi
Kusukela ngo-2016, "izifundazwe ezikhululekile ezivulekele ukushintsha izimfundiso zeBandla ngomshado ukuze zivumele ukuhlangana kwabantu bobulili obufanayo zifaka iBrazil, Canada, New Zealand, Scotland, South India, South Africa, US kanye neWales".
ENgilandi naseWales, ubudlelwano bomphakathi buvunyelwe kubefundisi. “Akulona iSonto laseWales noma iSonto LaseSheshi elimelene nokuba abefundisi babe nobudlelwano bomphakathi. ISonto LaseSheshi licela ukuba abefundisi ezinhlanganweni zomphakathi bafunge ukuhlala bemsulwa ngokobulili, kodwa iSonto laseWales alinayo imingcele enjalo.”
ISonto LaseSheshi liye lavumela abapristi ukuba bahlanganyele ebudlelwaneni bobulili obufanayo kusukela ngo-2005. ISonto Lase-Ireland liyayiqaphela impesheni yabefundisi ebudlelwaneni bobulili obufanayo.
Ubungqingili kanye neWeseli
I-African Methodist Episcopal Church ayikusekeli ngokusobala noma ukwenqabela ukugcotshwa ngokusobala kwabefundisi be-LGBTQ. Okwamanje akukho ukuvinjelwa kokugcotshwa, futhi i-AME ayivimbeli abantu be-LGBTQ ukuthi bakhonze njengabefundisi noma bahole ihlelo.
Ivoti eliyingqophamlando le-African Methodist Episcopal Church, obekuyivoti lokuqala enkolweni enabantu abaningi base-Afrika namaMelika ngodaba olumayelana namalungelo omshado ezitabane, libone ibandla lenqaba ngazwi linye abefundisi ukubusisa izinyunyana zobulili obufanayo ngoJulayi 2004. Ngokusho kwesonto abaholi, izenzo zobungqingili “ngokusobala zingqubuzana nokuqonda [ kwabo] imiBhalo.”
I-AME ivimbela ongqongqoshe ukuthi baphathe imishado yezitabane. Kodwa-ke, i-AME "ayikakhethi" ukwenza noma yiziphi izitatimende ezisemthethweni mayelana nobungqingili. Abanye abefundisi abayizitabane obala bagcotshwe yi-AME.
Nakuba i-AME ivotele ngokumelene nomshado wobulili obufanayo, i-General Conference ivotele ukusungulwa kwekomiti elizohlola futhi lenze izincomo zezinguquko ezimfundisweni zesonto nokunakekelwa komfundisi kumalungu e-LGBTQ.
I-Evangelical Methodist Church ikholelwa ukuthi ubungqingili buyalahlwa yiBhayibheli njengoba kuboniswe kuLevitikusi 18-22, Roma 1:26-27 kanye neyoku-1 Korinte 6-9-19. Ithi izenzo zobungqingili zingaholela esijezisweni saphakade nokufa okungokomoya. Nokho, ubungqingili abusona isono esikhulu kunokubulala, ukuphinga, nokweba.
Ngakho-ke ongqingili abangashadile abavunyelwe ukujoyina i-Evangelical Methodist Church. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitabane azivunyelwe ukuthi zingenele inkonzo emisiwe. Nakuba iBandla likholelwa ukuthi wonke umuntu unamalungelo nesivikelo ngaphansi komthetho womphakathi, liphikisana ngokuqinile nanoma yimuphi umthetho wezakhamuzi okhuthaza ubungqingili njengendlela yokuphila evamile.
Bonke ongqingili abakholelwa kuJesu Kristu futhi abayeke ukwenza izenzo zobungqingili bamukelekile Evangelical Methodist Church.
Lithini iBhayibheli ngobungqingili?
IBhayibheli alisho lutho ‘ngobungqingili’ njengobuntu bemvelo. Ukuthambekela kobulili kwakungaqondwa ezikhathini zeBhayibheli. Kodwa abanye abantu basawathola amaqiniso ngokombono wabo afakazela lokho okushiwo iBhayibheli ngomshado wobulili obufanayo.
IBhayibheli kuGenesise 2:24 lichaza umshado njengokuhlangana kwendoda eyodwa nowesifazane oyedwa. UJesu Kristu uyayisekela le ncazelo yomshado kuMathewu 19:5, njengoba kwenza uMphostoli uPawulu kwabase-Efesu 5:31. Noma yimuphi umsebenzi wocansi owenzayo indawo ngaphandle kwalo mongo kuthathwa njengesono, lokho uJesu akubiza ngokuthi ‘ubufebe’ kuMarku 7:21.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu, umkhuba wobulili obufanayo uqokonyiswa ngokuqondile njengesono izikhathi eziningi emBhalweni. EMthethweni kaNkulunkulu, isibonelo, ukulahla umkhuba wobulili obufanayo kunikezwa kuLevitikusi 18:22 no-20:13 .
Ezinye izikhombo zenziwe eTestamenteni Elisha. Ngokwesibonelo, kweyabaseRoma 1:24-32 , phakathi kokunanela kokulandisa kwendalo kaGenesise, kokubili ubulili obufanayo kwabesilisa nabesifazane kuthathwa njengesono. Ezinye izikhombo mayelana nokuba nesono kobulili obufanayo zingabonakala kweyoku-1 Korinte 6:9 neyoku-1 Thimothewu 1:10.
Ngakho-ke, imiBhalo ayiguquki ekwenqabeni kwayo izenzo zobulili obufanayo, ezinkathini ezihlukene zomlando wensindiso nasezindaweni ezihlukene zamasiko. Nakuba imiBhalo icacile ngezimiso zokuziphatha zobulili, isitshela futhi ukuthi ithemba lokuthethelelwa nokuphila okuphakade limiselwe noma ubani ophendukayo esonweni futhi abe nokholo kuKristu ( Marku 1:15 ), kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uwele kanjani. emfushane ngomklamo wakhe omuhle wocansi nomshado.
Izinyunyana Zomphakathi
Inyunyana yomphakathi, ubambiswano lomphakathi, ubambiswano lwasekhaya, ubambiswano olubhalisiwe, ubambiswano olungabhalisiwe, nezimo zokuhlalisana ezingabhalisiwe kunikeza izinzuzo ezingokomthetho ezihlukene zomshado.
Ngaphambi kwesinqumo sika-Obergefell, izifundazwe ezimbalwa zandise amalungelo angokomthetho atholakala kwabashadile abasebudlelwaneni bobulili obufanayo ngokusebenzisa izinyunyana zomphakathi kanye nobudlelwano basekhaya esikhundleni sokuvumela ukushada kwabantu bobulili obufanayo. Njengoba i-Obergefell idinga ukuthi umshado wobulili obufanayo uvunyelwe kuzo zonke izifundazwe, akucaci ukuthi lezi zindlela ezihlukile zizoqhubeka zifanelekile yini noma ziyadingeka.
Nokho, ahlala etholakala ngokusemthethweni futhi eminye imibhangqwana iyaqhubeka nokugcina ubuhlobo obungokomthetho ngalawa mafomu. Izinyunyana zomphakathi zinikeza ukuqashelwa okusemthethweni ebudlelwaneni bemibhangqwana futhi zinikeza amalungelo angokomthetho kubalingani abafana nalawo anikezwa abashadile emishadweni.
UMSHADO WOBILI Obunye EMASIKO OKUDUMILE
Akunakwenzeka ukwazi ukuthi yimalini ukuzijabulisa njalo uqhubeza umphakathi esikhundleni sokumane uwubonise. Kodwa kunzima ukugwema umuzwa wokuthi eminyakeni emihlanu noma eyisithupha edlule kube nomjikelezo wamasiko omuhle.
Ngo-2009 kwaba unyaka lapho izethameli zahlangana khona noCam noMitch (Eric Stonestreet kanye UJesse Tyler Ferguson), izitabane ezihlala ndawonye nendodakazi yokutholwa. Babengashadile lapho kuqala uchungechunge—Isiphakamiso 8 endaweni yangakubo yaseCalifornia sabanqabela, futhi babopha ifindo likasofa silahlane uma seligingqikile—kodwa babebhekana nezinselele zokuba sebuhlotsheni besikhathi eside esibukweni masonto onke. Bangu-10 million abantu ababukele emakhaya.
Uhlelo lwaba ngomunye wemisebenzi embalwa ye-TV ekhangayo ehambisana namasiko yeminyaka ka-Obama, ebukwa ezifundazweni ezibomvu nasezifundeni eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amagama ahlolwe ngu-Ann Romney kanye nomongameli ngokufanayo. Inhlolovo ye-Hollywood Reporter yango-2012 ithole ukuthi amaphesenti angu-27 okungenzeka abavoti athi ukuboniswa kwabalingisi abayizitabane ku-TV kubenze bashada ngokwengeziwe, futhi kukhona izindaba zabantu ababonisa ukuzwela kwabo abantu abathandana nabo ku-Modern Family.
Ithelevishini ibonise abantu abayizixhwanguxhwangu amashumi eminyaka (Will & Grace, Glee, All in the Family and Golden Girls). Nokho, kube intuthuko ehamba kancane. Iningi lalezi zinhlelo liqhubekisela phambili inkolelo-ze futhi ligxile kwabamhlophe ngaphandle kwabo bonke abanye abantu.
U-Cam no-Mitch bebenesizotha njengoba noma ubani angabuza—ngokungafani nemibhangqwana eqondile abahlezi nayo, abavamile ukuthinta, abakhulumi ngocansi, futhi benza into enkulu ngokuqabulana esidlangalaleni.
Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi ukuvezwa ngakunye okuthandwayo kwempilo yezitabane kusize ukukhuthaza amanethiwekhi ukuthi athathe amathuba kwabanye, futhi namuhla kunokuhlukahluka okungakaze kubonwe ekumeleleni ubulili kumabonakude, njengoba kuboniswa ezinhlelweni ezifana ne-Empire kanye ne-Orange Is the New Black.
Amaqiniso ngomshado wobulili obufanayo
Isabelo sabantu baseMelika abathanda umshado wobulili obufanayo sikhule kancane kancane eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, kodwa ukwesekwa komphakathi kwehlile kule minyaka embalwa edlule. Cishe abantu abadala base-US abane kwabayishumi (37%) bakhethe ukuvumela ongqingili kanye namalesbians ukuthi bashade ngo-2009, isabelo esikhuphuke safinyelela ku-62% ngo-2017. Kodwa imibono ayishintshile kakhulu kule minyaka embalwa edlule. Cishe abantu baseMelika abayisithupha kwabayishumi (61%) basekela umshado wobulili obufanayo ocwaningweni lwakamuva lwePew Research Center mayelana nalolu daba, olwenziwa ngoMashi 2019.
Nakuba ukwesekwa e-US ngomshado wobulili obufanayo kuye kwanda cishe kuwo wonke amaqembu abantu, kusenokuhlukana okukhulu kwezibalo zabantu kanye neqembu. Isibonelo, namuhla, ama-79% abantu baseMelika abangahlangene nenkolo bathanda ukushada kwabantu bobulili obufanayo, njengoba kwenza ama-66% amaProthestani amhlophe ayinhloko kanye nama-61% amaKhatholika. Nokho, phakathi kwamaProthestani amhlophe angabavangeli basemazweni, bangama-29% kuphela abathanda umshado wobulili obufanayo. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kucishe kuphindwe kabili izinga (15%) ngo-2009.
Nakuba ukwesekwa komshado wobulili obufanayo kukhule kancane kancane kuwo wonke amaqoqo eminyakeni engu-15 edlule, asekhona amagebe amakhulu eminyaka yobudala. Isibonelo, ama-45% abantu abadala eSizukulwaneni Esithulile (labo abazalwa phakathi kuka-1928 no-1945) bathanda ukuvumela ongqingili nabesifazane abathandanayo ukuba bashade, uma kuqhathaniswa nama-74% eMillennials (abazalwa phakathi kuka-1981 no-1996). Kuphinde kube nokuhlukana okukhulu kwezombusazwe: AmaRiphabhulikhi nabazimele abancike kwiRiphabhulikhi mancane kakhulu amathuba okuthi bathande umshado wobulili obufanayo kunamaDemocrats kanye neDemocratic leaners (44% vs. 75%).
Iyadlondlobala imishado yabantu bobulili obufanayo. Ukuhlola okwenziwa yi-Gallup ngo-2017 kuthola ukuthi cishe oyedwa kwabayishumi e-LGBT Americans (10.2%) ushade nomlingani wobulili obufanayo, kusukela ezinyangeni ngaphambi kwesinqumo senkantolo ephakeme (7.9%). Ngenxa yalokho, iningi (61%) lemibhangqwana yobulili obufanayo eshadile yashada kusukela ngo-2017, isuka ku-38% ngaphambi kwesinqumo.
Njengomphakathi jikelele, abantu baseMelika abahlonza njengabangqingili, abangqingili, abathandana nabobulili obubili noma abashintsha ubulili (LGBT) kungenzeka kakhulu bacaphune uthando njengesizathu esibaluleke kakhulu sokushada. Ocwaningweni lwango-2013 lwePew Research Center, u-84% wabantu abadala be-LGBT kanye nama-88% omphakathi jikelele baveze uthando njengesizathu esibaluleke kakhulu sokushada, futhi okungenani abayisikhombisa kwabayishumi kuwo womabili amaqembu bacaphune ubungane (71% no-76% , ngokulandelana). Kodwa kwakukhona umehluko, futhi. Ama-LGBT aseMelika, ngokwesibonelo, ayenethuba eliphindwe kabili kunalawo osemphakathini jikelele ukuthi asho amalungelo nezinzuzo ezingokomthetho njengesizathu esibaluleke kakhulu sokushada (amaphesenti angama-46 uma kuqhathaniswa nama-23%), kuyilapho lawo asemphakathini jikelele ayecishe aphindwe kabili kunaleyo. Ama-LGBT aseMelika azocaphuna ukuba nezingane (ama-49% uma kuqhathaniswa nama-28%).
I-US iphakathi kwamazwe angu-29 neziphathimandla ezivumela imibhangqwana ethandana nobulili obufanayo ukuthi ishade. Isizwe sokuqala esagunyaza ukushada kwezitabane kwaba yiNetherlands, eyakwenza lokho ngo-2000. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, amanye amazwe amaningana aseYurophu - kuhlanganise neNgilandi neWales, iFrance, i-Ireland, yonke iScandinavia, iSpain futhi, kamuva nje, i-Austria, iJalimane neMalta - bagunyaze umshado wezitabane. Ngaphandle kweYurophu, ukushada kwabantu bobulili obufanayo manje sekusemthethweni e-Argentina, e-Australia, eBrazil, eCanada, eColombia, e-Ecuador, eNew Zealand, eNingizimu Afrika nase-Uruguay, kanye nasezingxenyeni ezithile zeMexico. Futhi ngoMeyi 2019, i-Taiwan yaba yizwe lokuqala e-Asia ukuvumela ongqingili kanye nobulili obufanayo ukuthi bashade ngokusemthethweni.
Ima, kukhona okwengeziwe. Nawa amanye amaqiniso angu-11 ngomshado we-LGBTQ avela e-US nasemhlabeni jikelele.
1. I-Netherlands ibe yizwe lokuqala ukugunyaza umshado wobulili obufanayo ngo-2001.
2. Kusukela ngo-2014, amanye amazwe angu-13 agunyaze imishado yabantu bobulili obufanayo. INingizimu Afrika, iBelgium, iDenmark, iSweden, iCanada, neSpain ngamazwe ambalwa kulawa. IMassachusetts yaba yizwe lokuqala laseMelika ukugunyaza umshado wobulili obufanayo ngo-2004.
3. Kusukela ngo-2014, izifunda ezingu-20 zilandele: Iowa, Vermont, Maine, New York, Connecticut, Washington, Maryland, New Hampshire, Oregon, California, New Mexico, Minnesota, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Hawaii, Rhode Island, Delaware, Pennsylvania. , kanye neWashington DC
4. Ngo-2012, uMongameli u-Obama wenza umlando wase-US lapho etshela abe-ABC News, “Ngicabanga ukuthi abathandanayo bobulili obufanayo kufanele bakwazi ukushada. Cela abangani bakho nabanye abagqugquzeli bezenhlalo ukuthi babonise ukusekela kwabo amalungelo e-LGBTQ. Bhalisela i-Love It Forward.
5. I-Alaska neHawaii kwaba yizifundazwe zokuqala ukuvala ngokusemthethweni ukushada kwabantu bobulili obufanayo ngo-1998.
6. Izifunda ezingu-16 ziyenqabela umshado wobulili obufanayo, ezinye ngokuchitshiyelwa komthethosisekelo, ezinye ngokomthetho, kanti eziningi zikwenza kokubili.
7. Izifunda ezingu-7 zinikeza amanye, uma kungewona wonke, amalungelo omshado kubabhangqwana abangashadile kubambiswano lwasekhaya, okuhlanganisa iCalifornia, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, Hawaii, Maine, kanye neWisconsin.
8. Kusukela ngo-2014, ama-55% abantu baseMelika bakholelwa ukuthi umshado wobulili obufanayo kufanele ube semthethweni.
9. Ngo-2013, iNkantolo Ephakeme yachitha izingxenye zoMthetho Wokuvikela Umshado (DOMA) (owayechaza umshado njengenyunyana phakathi kwendoda nowesifazane) futhi yamemezela ukuthi uhulumeni wobumbano uzoqaphela imishado yobulili obufanayo njengesemthethweni.
10. Emazweni amaningi anjengeSudan, Iran, neSaudi Arabia, izitabane zingajeziswa ngesigwebo sentambo.
11. Nakuba umshado wobulili obufanayo wawungekho emthethweni kwaze kwaba yiminyaka yawo-2000, abantu bobulili obufanayo babeshada ezinhlelweni ze-TV ngawo-1990. I-sitcom ethi "Roseanne" ibonise umshado wobulili obufanayo ngo-1995 kanti "Abangane" babenomshado wabesifazane abathandana nabo ngo-1996.
Imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
Izinkomba nokufunda okwengeziwe
- Umlando Womshado Wezitabane ku-ProCon.org
- Izincwadi Eziphathelene Nomshado Wezitabane Nomshado eBarnes & Nobel
- Isiko le-Pop elibumba inkulumompikiswano yomshado wobulili obufanayo e-LA Times
- Umshado Wobulili obufanayo Emhlabeni Wonke ePew Research Center
- Imibono yenkolo ngomshado wobulili obufanayo ku-Wikipedia.org
shiya impendulo