TE HISTORY OF PRIDE MONTH HE MEA NUI ATU MO NGA WHAKANUI I TE RANEI
Ehara ko te ra anake ka puta i te marama o Hune. Aniwaniwa haki Ka tiimata ano te puta ki nga matapihi tari umanga, nga toa kawhe, me te papa o mua o to hoa tata. Ko Pipiri he marama kore mana mo te whakanui i te ahua o te wahine mo nga tekau tau. Ahakoa ko te takenga mai o te Marama whakakake i hoki mai ki te 50s, na te perehitini a Bill Clinton i hanga hei "Marama Whakapaipai Gay and Lesbian Pride Month" i te tau 2000. Na te Perehitini Barack Obama i whakauru atu i te tau 2011, ka kiia ko te wahine wahine, takatāpui, wahine rua, me te whakakake Transgender. Marama. Ahakoa he aha koe e karanga ai, he nui nga hitori o te Marama whakakake e whakaatu ana me pehea e mau ai i tenei ra.
Ka Whakahonoretia e te Whakapehapeha Nga Mautohe Tika Tangata o te '60s
I te patai mo te wa i timata ai te kaupapa motika takatāpui i tenei whenua, ka tohu te tangata ki te 28 o Hune, 1969: ko te po o te Ngaru o Stonewall. Engari ko Caitlin McCarthy, te kaituhi mo Te Center, he pokapū hapori LGBTQ i New York City, e whakamarama ana ko te ngangau Stonewall tetahi o nga tini. "Ko nga whakaohooho a QTPOC penei i era i Stonewall me The Haven i New York, Cooper Donuts me te Black Cat Tavern i LA, me te Whare Taonga o Compton i San Francisco he whakautu katoa ki te whakatoi me te mahi nanakia," e kii ana a McCarthy.
Ko te Maehe Whakapehapeha tuatahi - he huihuinga i NYC i te Rahoroi whakamutunga o Hune - i tapaina ko Christopher Street Liberation Day hei whakanui i te ngangautanga o Stonewall. (Ko Christopher Street te kainga tinana o te Stonewall Inn.) “I hangaia te Komiti o te Ra Whakaoranga o Christopher Street ki te whakamaumahara i te kotahi tau o te whakaohoohotanga o Stonewall i Hune 1969 me te hikoi mai i te kainga o te Hauauru whai muri mai he 'takahanga be- i roto i te 'huihuinga ki Central Park," e kii ana a McCarthy. Na tenei i awhina i a Ston
Ko te Maehe Whakapehapeha tuatahi - he huihuinga i NYC i te Rahoroi whakamutunga o Hune - i tapaina ko Christopher Street Liberation Day hei whakanui i te ngangautanga o Stonewall. (Ko Christopher Street te kainga tinana o te Stonewall Inn.) “I hangaia te Komiti o te Ra Whakaoranga o Christopher Street ki te whakamaumahara i te kotahi tau o te whakaohoohotanga o Stonewall i Hune 1969 me te hikoi mai i te kainga o te Hauauru whai muri mai he 'takahanga be- i roto i te 'huihuinga ki Central Park," e kii ana a McCarthy. Na tenei i awhina i a Stonewall hei turanga tino rongonui mo te Whakapehapeha.
Trans & Ira Tangata Kore-whakariterite o te Tae I timata te whakapehapeha
He maha nga tangata e mohio ana ki nga mahi whakahuri a Marsha P. Johnson me Sylvia Rivera, e ai ta McCarthy. Na Johnson raua ko Rivera i whakatuu te STAR, te Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries, nana i whakarite nga mahi tika penei i te noho-a-roto me te whakaruruhau mo nga kaimahi wahine takakau me etahi atu taiohi kore kainga LGBTQ. Ko nga kaiwhaiwhai e rua he mema ano no te roopu anti-capitalist, ao-ao te Gay Liberation Front (GLF), i whakarite hīkoi, i whakahaere kanikani ki te kohi putea mo te hunga e mate ana, me te whakaputa i te niupepa takatāpui ko Come Out!.
Ko te korero a McCarthy ki a Bustle ko nga teina iti-mohiotia (engari ehara i te mea nui) o Johnson raua ko Rivera ko Zazu Nova, he mema o te GLF me te STAR; Stormé Delarverie, he kingi toia me te kaikawe mo te kamupene haereere whakawhiti me te toia a Jewel Box Revue; me Lani Ka'ahumanu, nana i whakatu te Waea Bisexual Network.
"Gay Pride" I whakakapihia te "Gay Power" I nga tau 1970
E ai ki tetahi tuhinga i te tau 2006 i whakaputaina i roto i te pukapuka American Sociological Review, ko te “mana takatāpui” he pepeha noa i whakamahia i roto i nga whakaputanga kee me nga porotēhi i te '60s me te timatanga o te 70s. He maha nga roopu a-rohe mai i te kaupapa Black Power me nga whakahaere a te iwi kee i kaha ki te whakakotahi ki nga mahi nanakia a nga pirihimana i nga tau 70. Ko tenei mahi tahi ka whakamahia te "mana takatāpui" i tenei wa kaore pea i te miharo.
"Ko te whakahaere tuikaro, i awehia e te mahi tahi me te kaupapa antiracist me te pakanga, i whai ia [Stonewall]," ta McCarthy. "Ko nga mautohe, noho-in me nga mahi tika i whakahaerea, i uru mai e nga roopu whakaoranga takatāpui o mua penei i a Gay Liberation Front, Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries, Dyketactics me Combahee River Collective i tono kia whakarereketia te hanganga i te aroaro o te tukino tonu."
Ko te Whakaingoa Tohu Whenua Motu mo te Stonewall Inn, i tuhia i te tau 1999 mo te Tari o te United States. Interior, i tuhia hoki ko te "mana takatāpui" i whakamahia kaua i te "whakapehapeha takatāpui" i roto i te nuinga o nga waahi. Ahakoa ko te kaitoha a Craig Schoonmaker te nuinga o nga korero i whakanuia e ia te kianga "te whakahīhī takatāpui" (he rereke ki te mana) i te tau 1970, he mea tika kia mahara ko tana tirohanga whakahaere he wehe ki te hunga moe wahine. I tenei ra, ka whakamahia te "whakapehapeha" hei korero poto mo nga whakanui LGBTQ me nga mautohe.
He aha te ahua o te marama whakakake i tenei ra
Ahakoa enei putake nui, ko nga mohiti mohiti Pride i tautokohia e te rangatōpū me nga waitohu kamupene kua pakaruhia e te aniwaniwa mo te wa poto he tohu o nga Marama Whakapaipai hou. He maha nga tangata e whakaaro ana he kaporeihana nui e tautoko ana i nga hikoi whakahihi hei whakaute mo te hitori o Pride. Ko te kupu: Ko te ngangau a Stonewall e kii ana te nuinga ko te takenga mai o te Whakapehapeha he whakautu tika ki nga whakaeke pirihimana me nga mahi nanakia, engari ko nga hikoi a Pride i tenei ra ka haere tahi me nga pirihimana. I runga i nga porotēhi Black Lives Matter o 2020, heoi, kei te whakaaro ano nga whakahaere a Pride ki o ratou turanga mo nga pirihimana i Pride, me etahi i whakatau ki te aukati i nga pirihimana kia haere ki Pride kia tutuki ra ano etahi whakaritenga whakatikatika whakawa iwi.
He maha nga iwi LGBTQ+ e kite ana ko te marama kotahi i roto i te 12 kaore e ranea ki te whakarite i te haumaru me te tika o nga taangata, ko etahi e tohe ana ko te marama o nga haki aniwaniwa e rere ana i to rohe he pai ake i te wahangu. (Kare pea nga kaiwhakarewa o te kaupapa Pride i whakaae kia wahangu.) Ahakoa pehea koe e whakanui ai i te Whakapehapeha, ma te mohio ki tona hitori ka taea e koe te tino wheako o te marama - me te maioha ki te huarahi i taea ai. .
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