HISTORI EA KHOELI EA BOIKGOMOSO E BOLELA HO EKETSEHILENG HO EKETSEHILENG KAJENO
Letsatsi ha se lona feela le hlahang ka Phuptjane. Mookoli lifolakha hape qala ho hlaha lifensetereng tsa liofisi tsa khoebo, mabenkeleng a kofi, le jareteng e ka pele ea moahelani oa hau. Phuptjane esale e le khoeli e seng molaong ea ho keteka ka lilemo tse mashome. Leha tšimoloho ea Khoeli ea Boikhohomoso e qalile lilemong tsa bo-50, Mopresidente Bill Clinton ka molao o e entse "Khoeli ea Boikakaso ba Gay le Lesbian" ka 2000. Mopresidente Barack Obama o e kenyelelitse haholoanyane ka 2011, a e bitsa Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, le Transgender Pride. Kgwedi. Ho sa tsotelehe hore na u e bitsa joang, Khoeli ea Boikakaso e na le nalane e monate e tsebisang hore na e ketekoa joang kajeno.
Boikhohomoso bo Hlompha Boipelaetso ba Litokelo tsa Basodoma ba Bo-60
Ha ba botsoa hore na mokhatlo oa litokelo tsa basodoma naheng ena o qalile neng, batho ba tloaetse ho supa June 28, 1969: bosiu ba Merusu ea Stonewall. Empa Caitlin McCarthy, moqolotsi oa litaba oa The Center, setsi sa sechaba sa LGBTQ New York City, o hlalosa hore moferefere oa Stonewall e ne e le o mong oa tse ngata. "Bofetoheli bo etelletsoeng pele ke QTPOC joalo ka ba Stonewall le The Haven e New York, Cooper Donuts le Black Cat Tavern e LA, le Compton's Cafeteria e San Francisco kaofela e ne e le likarabelo tsa tlhekefetso le bokhopo ba mapolesa," McCarthy o re.
Letsatsi la Boikhohomoso la pele - kopano ea NYC ka Moqebelo oa ho qetela ka Phuptjane - e ile ea bitsoa Letsatsi la Tokoloho la Christopher Street ho tlotla moferefere oa Stonewall. (Christopher Street ke lehae la sebele la Stonewall Inn.) “Komiti ea Letsatsi la Tokoloho ea Christopher Street e thehiloe ho ikhopotsa selemo se le seng sa merusu ea Stonewall ea Phupjane 1969 ka mohoanto o tsoang Motseng oa Bophirima o lateloang ke 'motho ea ratanang re bokane Central Park,” McCarthy o re. Sena se ile sa thusa ho tiisa samente
Letsatsi la Boikhohomoso la pele - kopano ea NYC ka Moqebelo oa ho qetela ka Phuptjane - e ile ea bitsoa Letsatsi la Tokoloho la Christopher Street ho tlotla moferefere oa Stonewall. (Christopher Street ke lehae la sebele la Stonewall Inn.) “Komiti ea Letsatsi la Tokoloho ea Christopher Street e thehiloe ho ikhopotsa selemo se le seng sa merusu ea Stonewall ea Phupjane 1969 ka mohoanto o tsoang Motseng oa Bophirima o lateloang ke 'motho ea ratanang re bokane Central Park,” McCarthy o re. Sena se thusitse ho tiisa Stonewall joalo ka motheo o tsebahalang ka ho fetesisa moetlong oa Pride.
Batho ba Trans & Gender Ba sa Ikamahanyeng le Mebala ba Qalile Boikhohomoso
Batho ba bangata ba tloaelane le ts'ebetso ea phetoho ea Marsha P. Johnson le Sylvia Rivera, McCarthy o re. Johnson le Rivera ba thehile STAR, Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries, e hlophisitseng liketso tse tobileng joalo ka li-sit-ins hammoho le ho fana ka bolulo bakeng sa barekisi ba thobalano le bacha ba bang ba LGBTQ ba hlokang mahae. Baitseki ka bobeli e ne e boetse e le litho tsa sehlopha se khahlano le bo-capitalist, sa machaba sa Gay Liberation Front (GLF), se neng se hlophisa mekoloko, se ts'oara metjeko ho bokella lichelete bakeng sa batho ba hlokang, le ho hatisa koranta ea basodoma e bitsoang Come Out!.
McCarthy o bolella Bustle hore banab'abo Johnson le Rivera ba sa tsejoeng haholo (empa ba sa bohlokoa hakaalo) ba kenyelletsa Zazu Nova, setho sa GLF le STAR; Stormé Delarverie, morena le motlatsi oa k'hamphani ea bohahlauli ea trans and drag-centerd Jewel Box Revue; le Lani Ka'ahumanu, ea thehileng Bay Area Bisexual Network.
"Gay Pride" e ile ea nkeloa sebaka ke "Gay Power" Lilemong tsa bo-1970
Ho ea ka sengoloa sa 2006 se hatisitsoeng koranteng ea American Sociological Review, "matla a batho ba ratanang le ba bong bo tšoanang" e ne e le lepetjo le tloaelehileng le neng le sebelisoa libukeng tsa bo-'60 le mathoasong a bo-70. Lihlopha tse ngata tsa lehae tse tsoang mokhatlong oa Black Power le tlhophiso e matla ea queer li ile tsa khona ho kopana khahlano le bokhopo ba mapolesa ka bo-70. Tšebelisano ena e etsa hore tšebeliso ea "matla a gay" ka nako ena mohlomong e se ke ea makatsa.
McCarthy o re: “Ho hlophisoa ho matla, ho susumetsoang ke le ka konsarete le mokhatlo o khahlanong le khethollo ea morabe le ntoa ho ile ha latela [Stonewall]. "Boipelaetso, ho lula le liketso tse tobileng tse entsoeng le ho kenya letsoho ke lihlopha tsa pele tsa tokoloho tsa basodoma tse kang Gay Liberation Front, Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries, Dyketactics le Combahee River Collective li ne li batla phetoho e matla ea meralo ho sa tsotellehe khatello e tsoelang pele."
The National Historic Landmark Nomination for Stonewall Inn, e entsoeng ka 1999 bakeng sa Lefapha la United States la E ka hare, o ile a boela a hlokomela hore "matla a gay" a ne a sebelisoa ho e-na le "gay pride" maemong a mangata. Le hoja moitseki Craig Schoonmaker a atisa ho tlotloa ka ho tumisa poleloana "gay pride" (ho fapana le matla) ka 1970, ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore pono ea hae ea ho hlophisa e ne e sa kenyelletsoe ho lilesbiene. Kajeno, "boikhohomoso" bo sebelisoa e le shorthand ho bua ka mekete ea LGBTQ le boipelaetso ka ho tšoana.
Kamoo Khoeli ea Boikhohomoso e shebahalang kateng kajeno
Leha ho na le metso ena e matla, likhalase tsa mahlo tsa Pride tse tšehelitsoeng ke k'hamphani le li-logo tsa nakoana tsa k'hamphani tse fafalitsoeng ke mookoli ke matšoao a Likhoeli tsa Boikhohomoso tsa sejoale-joale. Batho ba bangata ba nka hore lik'hamphani tse kholo li tšehetsa mekoloko ea khoebo ea Pride e sa hlompheng nalane ea Pride. Ka mantsoe a mang: Moferefere oa Stonewall oo batho ba bangata ba o bolelang e le tšimoloho ea Boikakaso e ne e le karabelo e tobileng ho litlhaselo tsa mapolesa le bokhopo, empa mekoloko ea Boikakaso kajeno e atisa ho tsamaea le ba felehelitseng mapolesa. Ka lebaka la boipelaetso ba Black Lives Matter ka 2020, leha ho le joalo, mekhatlo ea Pride e ntse e shebisisa maemo a eona ho mapolesa a Pride, 'me ba bang ba nkile qeto ea ho thibela mapolesa ho ea mohoantong ho fihlela litlhoko tse ling tsa phetoho ea toka ea morabe li fihlelleha.
Batho ba bangata ba LGBTQ+ ba hlokomela hore khoeli e le 'ngoe ea ponahalo ho tse 12 ha ea lekana ho netefatsa polokeho le tekano ea batho ba queer, ha ba bang ba pheha khang ea hore le khoeli ea lifolakha tsa mookoli tse fofang sebakeng sa heno ho molemo ho feta ho khutsa. (Bathehi ba matla ba mokhatlo oa Pride mohlomong ba ka be ba sa ka ba amohela ho khutsa, le hona.) Ho sa tsotellehe hore na u keteka Boikakaso joang, ho tseba histori ea eona ho ka u fa phihlelo e feletseng ea khoeli - le kananelo e tebileng ea kamoo e ileng ea khoneha kateng. .
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