ALFAHARI GA: BIKIN SHEKARU XNUMX NA ALfahari
Faretin LGBTQ shine mafi shahara kuma muhimmin bikin al'ummar luwadi. Tarihin girman kai yana cike da lokuta masu haske da gwagwarmaya don 'yancin gay. Muna alfaharin kasancewa wani ɓangare na babban danginmu kuma a cikin wannan labarin muna ba ku don ƙarin koyo game da tarihin girman kai.
Da yake tunawa da shekarun farko na bikin girman kai a farkon shekarun 1970, mai daukar hoto Stanley Stellar ya tuna yadda aka tattara dukkan makamashi a wani karamin yanki na titin Christopher a New York City's West Village. A lokacin, ita ce unguwar da ba kasafai ba inda 'yan luwadi za su iya zuwa su hadu a bainar jama'a, kuma ana gudanar da faretin girman kai a matakin unguwanni - wanda ke da nisa daga kimanin mutane miliyan biyar da suka halarci taron alfahari na duniya a watan Yulin da ya gabata a New York. Birni, bikin LGBTQ mafi girma a tarihi.
"Ya fara ne a matsayin ƙaramin abu na zamantakewa," in ji Stellar, mai shekaru 75 a yanzu. "Akwai kuma masu zanga-zanga - rayuka masu jajircewa da alamu, kamar Marsha P. Johnson, wanda ya zaburar da mu duka. Lokacin da mutane za su yi mana ba'a, motoci suna wucewa su tofa mu, suna yi mana tsawa akai-akai, Marsha tana can, tana kallon ban tsoro da ɗaukaka cikin ƙayatar ta, ta ce 'ba su damu ba.' Abin da 'P' ke nufi ke nan, shi ne 'ba su biya ba, kar su hana mu.'
Wannan ruhun da ba a iya tsayawa a yanzu yana bikin cika shekaru 50: faretin Farko na farko da aka yi wuri a cikin Amurka a cikin 1970, shekara guda bayan tashe-tashen hankula a Stonewall Inn wanda mutane da yawa ke ɗauka a matsayin yunƙurin 'yantar da LGBTQ na zamani. A cikin shekarar da coronavirus ya hana manyan tarurruka kuma an soke ko kuma jinkirta abubuwan alfahari da yawa, sama da 500 Pride da LGBTQIA+ kungiyoyin al'umma daga kasashe 91 za su shiga cikin girman kai na Duniya a ranar 27 ga Yuni. ta hanyar da ta wuce adadin mahalarta - kuma, bayan da ta dauki hoton shekaru hamsin da suka kai darajarsu, Stellar ta ga juyin halitta da kanta. "Wannan shine jigon duniyar gay," in ji shi game da farkon shekarun girman kai.
Rikicin Stonewall ya faru ne a cikin jerin dare a ƙarshen Yuni 1969. Ko da yake al'ummar LGBTQ sun ja da baya game da nuna bambanci ga 'yan sanda a wasu ƙananan lokatai a ƙarshen 1960s a cikin birane kamar San Francisco da LA, Stonewall ya yanke ta cikin wani abin da ba a taɓa gani ba. hanya.
"Mutane sun kasance a shirye don wani taron kamar Stonewall, kuma suna da hanyar sadarwa da kuma shirin da za su fara magana nan da nan," in ji Katherine McFarland Bruce, marubucin Pride Parades: Yadda Parade ya Canja Duniya. Ƙungiyoyin masu fafutuka a LA da Chicago, waɗanda kuma suka gudanar da Parades na Pride a cikin 1970, nan da nan suka yi hulɗa tare da takwarorinsu a New York don tsara ayyuka a kusa da ranar tunawa. Inda a cikin LA, ruhun ya fi yin nishadi da biki, in ji Bruce, an tsara New York a matsayin wani mataki na haɗa masu fafutuka. "Dole ne mu fito fili mu daina jin kunya, in ba haka ba mutane za su ci gaba da daukar mu a matsayin 'yan ta'adda," in ji wani da ya halarci faretin a birnin New York ya shaida wa jaridar New York Times a shekara ta 1970. "Wannan tattakin tabbaci ne kuma ayyana sabon girman kan mu."
A shekara ta 1980, an yi faretin girman kai a duniya a birane kamar Montreal, London, Mexico City da Sydney. Amma yayin da waɗannan shekaru goma suka fara aiki, yanayin abubuwan da suka faru sun canza, yayin da bala'in rikicin AIDS ya zama jigon ayyuka da zanga-zanga. A wannan lokacin, Stellar yana da babban da'irar abokai kuma ya fara yin ƙari photos na al'umma don tattara bayanan rayuwarsu ta yau da kullun. "Na ji kamar na bi bashin mu, kamar yadda yake a cikin 'mu,' don fara daukar hoto kawai wanda na sani da wanda na yi tunanin ya cancanci a tuna da shi," in ji Stellar, wanda ke da nunin dijital mai zuwa wanda Kapp Kapp ya shirya. Gallery, tare da 10% na kudaden shiga don tallafawa Cibiyar Marsha P. Johnson.
Ga Bruce, Girman kai yana nuna yadda al'ummar LGBTQ suka sami damar ci gaba da neman aiki da ganuwa game da al'amuran yau da kullun.
Inda a cikin 1980s, ƙungiyoyin da aka tsara a kusa da rikicin AIDS, 1990s sun ga mafi girman hangen nesa na kafofin watsa labarai ga mutanen LGBTQ a cikin rayuwar jama'a, wanda ya haifar da ƙarin kasuwancin da suka fara shiga jirgi don shiga girman kai. Yayin da bikin tunawa da Stonewall ya dade yana ba da lokacin abubuwan alfahari na shekara-shekara, Shugaba Bill Clinton ya ba da sanarwar a cikin 1999 cewa kowane watan Yuni zai zama Watan Girman Gay da Lesbian a Amurka (Shugaba Barack Obama ya faɗaɗa ma'anar a cikin 2008, lokacin da ya ba da shela. cewa za a tuna da watan Yuni a matsayin Watan Madigo, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Pride Month.)
A farkon shekarun 2000 sai aka ga gagarumin yakin neman zabe guda-jima'i aure. A lokacin bazara na 2010, Bruce ta yi bincike na zamani don littafinta, inda ta halarci faretin Pride daban-daban guda shida a duk faɗin Amurka, gami da ɗaya a San Diego, gida mafi yawan ma'aikatan soja na ƙasar, inda yaƙin neman zaɓe ya mai da hankali kan soke "kada ku tambaya, kar a fada” siyasa. "Ina tsammanin girman kai abin hawa ne ga kungiyoyin LGBT don sa al'amuran yau da kullun su ji duka a cikin al'ummarsu da kuma a cikin al'ummar da suke ciki," in ji Bruce - ya kara da cewa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yakin neman adalci na launin fata da masu canza jinsi. hakkoki sun kara fitowa fili.
Amma duk da haka yayin da waɗannan rashin adalci na tsaka-tsaki ya tashi a kan sahun gaba na wayewar jama'a, bangarori da yawa na manyan faretin faretin Alfahari da suka daɗe sun shiga cikin bincike sosai - maido da girman kai, ta wasu hanyoyi, zuwa ga tushen rashin amincewa.
Wasu masu fafutuka na LBGTQ da masu shirya al'umma sun soki haɗin gwiwa na girman kai, yayin da faretin ke neman 'yan kasuwa don tallafawa don taimakawa tare da buƙatun kuɗi na taron jama'a da ke haɓaka cikin sauri. Wasu kuma suna tambayar ko wani aiki mai zurfi yana bayan bakan gizo flags. “Me zai faru a ranar 1 ga Yuli, lokacin da manyanmu suka kasa samun gidaje, kuma ana korar yara daga gidajensu, kuma ana kashe mata da mata masu juna biyu a kan titi? Shin wannan bakan gizo yana nufin wani abu ne kwanaki 365 a cikin shekara,” Ellen Broidy, memba na Gay Liberation Front kuma wacce ta kafa farkon Gay Pride Maris na shekara-shekara a cikin 1970.
Masu fafutuka a New York da San Francisco sun fara faretin nasu daban-daban don nuna adawa da 'yan sanda da sa hannun kamfanoni a faretin da aka kafa, da aka ba da matakan tarihi da na zamani na rashin daidaiton aikin 'yan sanda na al'ummomin Baƙar fata. Kuma, amsa ga rashin bambance-bambance a cikin manyan abubuwan alfahari, masu shiryawa sun fara abubuwan da suka faru don ƙirƙirar sararin samaniya mai aminci ga waɗanda aka fi sani da al'ummar LGBTQ. A cikin Burtaniya, goyon baya ya karu ga UK Black Pride, wanda aka fara a cikin 2005 a matsayin karamin taro da 'yan madigo bakar fata suka shirya don haduwa tare da raba gogewa. Bikin a yanzu shi ne bikin mafi girma da aka gudanar a nahiyar Turai ga al’ummar LGBTQ na kasashen Afirka, Asiya, Caribbean, Gabas ta Tsakiya da kuma Latin Amurka, kuma ba shi da alaka da Pride a birnin Landan, wanda a baya ya sha suka saboda rashin bambancinsa.
Ga wasu, zama a cikin wuraren da zama ɗan luwaɗi ke haifar da tashin hankali na gwamnati har ma da mutuwa, al'amuran girman kai suna yin aiki kwatankwacin wanda aka gani a wurare kamar New York a cikin 1970s, a matsayin hanyar rayuwa mai mahimmanci. 'Yan shekarun nan sun ga al'ummomi a eSwatini, Trinidad da Tobago, da Nepal sun shirya don gudanar da faretin girman kai na farko. 'Yar fafutuka Kasha Jacqueline Nabageser ta shirya bikin Pride na farko a Uganda a shekara ta 2012, bayan da ta fahimci cewa ta taba shiga cikin Pride da dama a duniya amma ba a kasarta ba, inda dokokin da suka dade da suka rage daga lokacin mulkin mallaka suka haramta yin jima'i. Nabageser ya ce "A gare ni lokaci ne na hada al'umma tare, kuma su san ba su kadai ba, a duk inda suke," in ji Nabageser, ya kara da cewa mutanen da watakila ba su ga kansu a matsayin masu fafutuka na LGBTQ ba sun zo wurin taron. kuma daga baya ya shiga tare da bayar da shawarwarin kare hakkin 'yan luwadi a kasar. Akalla mutane 180 ne suka halarci bikin na farko a birnin Entebbe, kuma yayin da gwamnatin Ugandan ta yi yunkurin rufe shagulgulan Pride na baya-bayan nan, Nabageser na kallon ramuwar gayya a matsayin wata alama ta karfin al'umma a ganinta.
“Yayin da [gwamnati] ta hana mu, hakan zai sa al’umma su kara fusata, su kuma kara sha’awar Alfahari. A gare mu, hakan ya kasance nasara,” in ji ta, ta kara da cewa al’umma ce shirin hanyoyin da za a bi don yin biki lafiya a cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi a cikin cutar ta coronavirus. "Wata hanya ko wata, za mu sami Girman kai, kuma dole ne mu ci gaba da yakin."
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