MMENE ZINASINTHIRA MU ZAKA 8 ZOTSIRIZA: ZONSE ZOKONZEKERA UKWATI
Zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zapitazo, Khothi Lalikulu Kwambiri ku United States (SCOTUS) lidaganiza kuti ukwati wa Edie Windsor wokhala ku New York (anakwatira Thea Spier ku Canada mu 2007) udziwika ku New York, komwe. ukwati wa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha anali odziwika mwalamulo kuyambira 2011.
Chisankho chodziwika bwinochi nthawi yomweyo chinatsegula chitseko kwa maanja ambiri omwe amagonana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha omwe ankafuna kuvomereza mgwirizano walamulo koma sakanatha kutero m'mayiko awo, ndipo pamapeto pake adatsegula njira yopita ku chigamulo cha SCOTUS cha Obergefell mu 2015, chomwe chinavomereza mgwirizano waukwati m'dziko lonselo. Kusintha kwalamulo, ngakhale kutenga malo m'mabwalo amilandu, pamapeto pake zidakhudza kwambiri msika waukwati komanso zisankho za maanja a LGBTQ.
Nthawi Imayenda
Chaka cha 2013 chisanafike, maukwati a LGBTQ anali ang'onoang'ono, anali ndi akwatibwi ndi akwati achikulire, anali achizolowezi kuposa chikhalidwe, ndipo maanjawo ankakonda kulipira mwambo ndi chikondwerero. Pambuyo pa 2005, pamene Massachusetts analembetsa ukwati mwalamulo ndipo ena adatsatira, maanja ena anali kukonzekera maulendo ovomerezeka kuti apite kumadera kuti apeze chiphaso chaukwati, koma ambiri amasankha kukhala ndi miyambo yosavomerezeka mwalamulo ndikugawana zomwe alonjeza poyera.
Ngakhale ndili ndi fayilo yodzaza ndi nkhani zophunzitsa komanso zithunzi zodziwikiratu kuti ndifotokoze zomwe zikuchitika pamsika masiku ano, chinali chaka cha 2013 chomwe chinapereka kusintha kwa data yokwanira kufotokoza momwe msika waukwati wa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha wakhala ukusintha. kuzindikirika mwalamulo. Chotsatira? Ndi kufalikira kwa kuzindikira kwaukwati wofanana, titha kuwona munthawi yeniyeni momwe maukwati a LGBTQ adayambira kulowa mumsika "wambiri" komanso, pomwe maukwati omwe si a LGBTQ adayamba kutengera luso la LGBTQ pafupipafupi, kuphatikiza machitidwe ngati 'pop. up' kapena maukwati ang'onoang'ono, maphwando aukwati ophatikizika, mitundu yosiyanasiyana m'maphwando aukwati, anthu wamba monga otsogolera, ndi zina zambiri.
Kusintha Kwakukulu Kusanu kwa Amuna Kapena Akazi Okhaokha
#1 Makolo akukwera. Ndipo mu?
Kuposa kale lonse, amuna ndi akazi okhaokha akulandira thandizo lolipirira maukwati awo. Zaka zisanu zapitazo, ambiri amphamvu a amuna kapena akazi okhaokha (79% mu 2013) adanena kuti amalipira maukwati onse kapena ambiri, poyerekeza ndi 2017 pomwe chiwerengerochi chatsika kwambiri mpaka 59% ya maanja. Kusinthaku kumatiuza kuti makolo ambiri (ndi mabanja) akutenga nawo gawo ndikuthandiza ana awo. Maukwati a LGBTQ, ndipo, chifukwa chake, ndalama zonse zaukwati zikuchulukirachulukira Ogulitsa alembedwa ntchito, alendo ochulukira akuitanidwa, ndipo monga maanja a LGBTQ asiya kuchita zinthu zothandiza ndipo nthawi zambiri amakonzekera mwachangu kulopa ndikukhala pachibwenzi komanso kukonzekera ukwati.
Izi zikutanthawuzanso kuti kuzindikiritsa wochita zisankho pakusungitsa zinthu kungakhale kosintha popeza makolo a banja atha kukhala ndi ndalama zambiri paukwatiwo, motero, chiyembekezo popanga zisankho.
#2 Kukula kwa mndandanda wa alendo
Kukula kwa mndandanda wa alendo pa maukwati a amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndi zotsatira zachindunji za maanja ochulukirapo, maanja ambiri akusankha kukwatirana, ndipo maanja ambiri amakhala omasuka kukondwerera ndi gulu lalikulu la mabanja, abwenzi, ndi ogwira nawo ntchito. Ndi ntchito yoti munthu akwatire mwalamulo kunyumba kwawo ndikukhala ndi mwayi wokonzekera bwino. M'malo mwake, Kafukufuku wa 2015 wa Contemporary Couples adawonetsa kuti 79% ya amuna kapena akazi okhaokha anali. kukonzekera mwambo waukwati ndi madyerero, pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri zotsatira (43%) mwa maanja omwe adafunsidwa kale (Okwatirana Amuna Kapena Akazi Omwe: Maukwati & Zibwenzi, 2013).
- Chaka cha 2013 chisanafike, kukula kwa alendo ambiri kunali 65
- Mu 2014, kukula kwake kunali 80
- Mu 2015 ndi 2016: 100
- Mu 2017: 107 (yomwe idakali kumbuyo kwa maanja omwe si a LGBTQ pafupifupi 127)
Mwachidule, kukhala ndi maphwando ndi madyerero ndi chinthu chatsopano kwa ambiri omwe ali ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndipo ndi chizindikiro cha kusintha kwakukulu komwe kumakhala ndi ndondomeko zomveka bwino ndi ndondomeko ya bajeti ndipo zakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa chiwerengero cha alendo.
#3 Kukula kwaphwando laukwati
Monga maukwati a amuna kapena akazi okhaokha akukulirakulira, momwemonso, ali ndi othandizira. Mu 2013, 63% ya amuna kapena akazi okhaokha adanena kuti anali ndi anthu 0 mpaka 3 paphwando laukwati wawo. Inde, mukumva zimenezo molondola. Zaka zisanu zapitazo, amuna kapena akazi okhaokha anali ndi anthu atatu kapena ocheperapo omwe anayimirira nawo ngati mboni. Masiku ano, pafupifupi kukula kwa phwando laukwati kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndi 3, poyerekeza ndi 7 kwa maanja omwe amagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.
Mbali zambiri zosuntha, alendo ochulukirapo komanso maphwando akuluakulu aukwati ndi chizindikiro china chosonyeza kuti amuna kapena akazi okhaokha akutsatira malamulo achikhalidwe chaukwati poyerekezera ndi miyambo yamunthu, yocheperako komanso yocheperako zaka zapitazo.
#4 Blended Ukwati Wophatikiza
Mwina palibe chitsanzo chabwino cha mwambo waukwati kuposa phwando laukwati pofuna kusonyeza osati kokha kusiyana kwa kufunitsitsa kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kusiya miyambo, komanso chitsanzo chochititsa chidwi cha momwe maukwati a amuna kapena akazi okhaokha akhudzira maukwati owongoka.
Mu Lipoti lathu la 2016 Trends and Traditions, 14% yokha ya maanja a LGBTQ adanena kuti amagawa maphwando awo aukwati potengera jenda. Ndiko kuti, anyamata mbali imodzi ndi gals mbali inayo. Anthu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha nthawi zonse amakonda kusakaniza maphwando awo aukwati, kupempha owatsatira awo apamtima kuti aimirire nawo, mosasamala kanthu kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi ndipo nthawi zambiri amavala zilizonse zomwe angasankhe (mwachitsanzo, amayi ovala mathalauza ndi madiresi kukwanira). Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndikumvetsetsa momwe masomphenya okonzedwanso a phwando laukwati la amuna kapena akazi okhaokha akhudzira kwambiri kusankha kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha m'kanthawi kochepa. Makumi makumi asanu ndi awiri mphambu anayi (74%) a maanja owongoka adagawa maphwando awo aukwati ndi jenda mu 2015, koma singano idasamukira ku 69% mu 2016 ndipo, posachedwa, idatsika mpaka 60% mu 2017.
'Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndikumvetsetsa momwe masomphenya obwezeretsedwawa a phwando laukwati la amuna kapena akazi okhaokha akhudzira kwambiri kusankha kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha mu nthawi yochepa.'
Monga momwe maanja omwe amagonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amalowetsedwa mumsika waukulu, zikuwonekeratu kuti pakhala pali njira ziwiri zachikoka, zomwe zakulitsidwa ndi mabanja a Millennial, omwe amasankha miyambo ndikupanga zisankho zokonzekera zomwe zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi zomwe amakonda.
#5 Zaka za banjali
Mu 2014, Jennifer Senior, yemwe anali mlembi wa New York Magazine, adanena kuti gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu aliwonse a LGBTQ omwe angokwatirana kumene anali ndi zaka 50. Lipoti Lathu Latsopano Lokwatirana linasonyeza kuti zaka zapakati pa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha omwe adakwatirana mu 2015 ndi 2016 anali 35. ndi smidge ya kusiyana kwa zaka pakati pa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha). Mu 2017, zaka zidatsikira ku 34. Masiku ano, maanja a LGBTQ adakali okulirapo kuposa okwatirana omwe si a LGBTQ (avereji ya zaka zogonana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha mu 2017 inali 32), koma kusiyana komwe kukucheperachepera sikuwulula momwe maanja ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha akukhalira. anakwatiwa zaka zingapo pambuyo pake m’moyo, komanso mmene ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha akukulirakulira.
Ichi ndi chitsanzo chimodzi chokha cha momwe chinkhoswe ndi ndondomeko yaukwati kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ikufanana kuti ifanane ndi momwe anthu amakhalira: kuyamba zibwenzi, (mwina kukhalirana limodzi), kupanga chinkhoswe, ndi kukwatirana. Ndi kuvomereza komasuka kwa anthu ndi maanja a LGBTQ, malingaliro ogonana amunthu sakhalanso chifukwa cha chidwi cha munthu komanso mwayi wopeza maukwati ndi maukwati.
Siyani Mumakonda