PAMALO PA MAYIKO ABWINO KWAMBIRI A LGBTQ KWA EXPATS
Ngati mukufuna kupita kwinakwake nokha kapena ndi mnzanu kapena kusamukira, mwina mungafune kudziwa komwe kuli kosavuta kupeza pulogalamu yonse ya LGBTQ yosangalatsa komanso komwe idzakhala yopulumutsa komanso yochezeka. M'nkhaniyi tikuwonetsa pamwamba pa mayiko ochezeka kwambiri a LGBTQ omwe amatuluka.
Belgium
Ufulu wa LGBT + ku Belgium ndi ena mwa omwe akupita patsogolo kwambiri padziko lapansi; dziko ili lachiwiri pa kope la 2019 la ILGA la Rainbow Europe Index. Kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kwakhala kovomerezeka kuyambira 1795, pomwe dzikolo linali gawo la France. Kusankhana chifukwa chofuna kugonana kwaletsedwa kuyambira 2003, chaka chomwe dziko la Belgium linavomereza. ukwati wa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Maanja ali ndi ufulu wofanana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha; atha kutengera, ndipo akazi ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amakhala ndi mwayi wobereketsa m'mimba. Maukwati a amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amakhala ndi 2.5% ya maukwati onse ku Belgium.
Ma Expats amatha kukwatirana ku Belgium ngati m'modzi wa iwo akhala kumeneko kwa miyezi itatu. Ndizothekanso kwa anthu omwe si a EU/EEA omwe ali ndi chilolezo chokhala ku Belgium kuti athandizire anzawo pa visa yolumikizananso ndi mabanja ku Belgian.
Ufulu wa Transgender ndiwopita patsogolo kwambiri ku Belgium, komwe anthu amatha kusintha jenda popanda opaleshoni. Komabe, ILGA imalimbikitsa kuti ntchito yowonjezereka ichitidwe ponena za anthu omwe ali ndi pakati; Dziko la Belgium silinaletsebe njira zosafunikira zachipatala monga kuchita maopaleshoni okhudza kugonana kwa makanda. Lamulo laupandu waudani kwa anthu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha sanapatsidwebe. Jenda lachitatu pazikalata zamalamulo silinakhazikitsidwebe.
Nthawi zambiri, Belgium ikuwonetsa kuvomereza kwakukulu kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Eurobarometer ya 2015 inapeza kuti 77% ya anthu a ku Belgium ankaganiza kuti ukwati wa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha uyenera kuloledwa ku Ulaya konse, pamene 20% sanagwirizane.
Malo ochezera a LGBT ku Belgium
Belgium ili ndi mawonekedwe akulu komanso opangidwa bwino a LGBT + omwe amakhala ndi malingaliro ndi zokonda zosiyanasiyana. Antwerp (Antwerpen) anali ndi anthu oganiza bwino komanso oganiza zamtsogolo, koma Brussels yataya chithunzi chake cha bourgeois m'zaka zaposachedwa. Bruges (Brugge), Ghent (Gent), Liège, ndi Ostend (Oostende) onse amakhala ndi moyo wausiku wa gay. Nthawi zambiri Meyi ndi Mwezi Wonyada kudera lonse la Ufumu, pomwe ku Brussels kumakhala kochititsa chidwi kwambiri.
Spain
Kodi mukuganiza kuti mukugogoda cava ndi mwamuna wanu pabwalo ku Madrid? Kukwera kwa zipani zandale zotsutsana ndi LGBT ngakhale, Spain ndi amodzi mwamalo omasuka pazikhalidwe za anthu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Ukwati wa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ku Spain wakhala wovomerezeka kuyambira 2005. Mabuku achi Spanish, nyimbo, ndi makanema amafufuza pafupipafupi mitu ya LGBT+. Kuchokera ku Madrid kupita ku Gran Canaria, dzikolo lili ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana komanso zolandirira anthu onse ammudzi. Mabanja omwe amachoka ku Spain ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amakhala ndi maufulu angapo ovomerezeka akalembetsa maubwenzi awo. Izi zikuphatikizapo kulera mwana, kulandira ziphaso za makolo, misonkho ya cholowa, ufulu wa penshoni wa munthu amene wapulumuka, kuvomerezedwa ndi anthu ochoka m’dziko lina, kusamalidwa mofanana pazifukwa za msonkho – kuphatikizapo msonkho wa cholowa – ndi kutetezedwa ku nkhanza za m’banja. Spain idakhala pa nambala 11 ku Europe pa ufulu wa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha mu 2019, ndipo kufanana kwathunthu pafupifupi 60%.
Kuyambira mchaka cha 2007, anthu atha kusintha jenda ku Spain, ndipo dzikolo ndi limodzi mwa mayiko omwe amathandizira kwambiri paufulu wapadziko lonse lapansi. Mu 2018, womenyera ufulu wa LGBT + wazaka 27 Angela Ponce adakhala mkazi woyamba kusinthana ndi amuna kupikisana nawo pa Miss Universe, pomwe adalandira chidwi.
Zochitika za LGBT + ku Spain
Kwa dziko lachikatolika, Spain ndi wochezeka kwambiri wa LGBT. Pafupifupi 90% ya anthu omwe amavomereza kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, malinga ndi kafukufuku womaliza wa Pew Research. Mu 2006, Sitges adavumbulutsa chipilala choyamba cha LGBT + mdziko muno kuti azikumbukira zomwe apolisi adachita mu 1996 pozunza amuna achiwerewere pagombe usiku.
The Netherlands
Monga dziko loyamba kulembetsa ukwati wa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha mu 2001, Netherlands ili ndi mgwirizano wamalingaliro ndi LGBT + anthu. Dziko la Netherlands linaletsa kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha mu 1811; bala loyamba la gay linatsegulidwa ku Amsterdam mu 1927; ndipo mu 1987, Amsterdam adavumbulutsa Homomonument, chikumbutso cha amuna kapena akazi okhaokha omwe anaphedwa ndi chipani cha Nazi. Zikondwerero zachipembedzo za maukwati a amuna kapena akazi okhaokha zakhala zikuchitika kuyambira m’ma 1960. Ukwati wamba akuluakulu sangakane amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Kukwatirana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha sikutheka ku Aruba, Curaçao, ndi Sint Maarten, komabe.
Ma Expats amatha kuthandiza anzawo. Ayenera kutsimikizira ubale wokhazikika, ndalama zokwanira, ndikupambana mayeso ophatikiza. Anthu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amatha kutengera kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoberekera. Tsankho lachikhumbo cha kugonana mu ntchito ndi nyumba ndi zoletsedwa. Amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ali ndi ufulu wofanana wa msonkho ndi cholowa.
Ana amatha kusintha jenda. Akuluakulu a Trans amatha kudzizindikiritsa okha popanda mawu a dokotala. Anthu aku Dutch atha kulembetsa mapasipoti osakondera jenda. Omenyera ufulu wa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ati pali zambiri zomwe zikuyenera kuchitika.
74% ya anthu ali ndi malingaliro abwino pa kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. 57% ali ndi chiyembekezo chokhudza anthu amtundu wa transgender komanso kusiyana kwa jenda, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa 2017 wopangidwa ndi Netherlands Institute for Social Research. Ngakhale dziko laubwenzi la LGBT, Netherlands ikuchita zoyipa kwambiri kuposa oyandikana nawo pankhani yaupandu waudani ndi malankhulidwe ndi kutembenuka mtima kumakhalabe kovomerezeka. The flatlands ili pa nambala 12 ku Europe pa ufulu wa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha mu 2019. Okwatirana omwe ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amasangalala ndi theka la maufulu omwe amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amakhala nawo.
Zochitika za LGBT + ku Netherlands
Likulu la Chidatchi, lomwe nthawi zambiri limatchedwa kuti gayway kupita ku Europe, lili ndi chikhalidwe cha LGBT + ndipo limalimbikitsa zilakolako zonse ndi matsenga. Zochitika za gay zimapitilira ku Amsterdam, komabe, ndi mipiringidzo, ma saunas, ndi malo owonera makanema m'mizinda ingapo yaku Dutch, kuphatikiza Rotterdam, The Hague (Den Haag), Amersfoort, Enschede, ndi Groningen. Mizinda yambiri imakhalanso ndi zochitika zawo zonyada, zodzazidwa ndi kutenga nawo mbali kwa ndale zakomweko. Pride Amsterdam, yomwe ili ndi ziwonetsero za ngalandezi, ndiyo yaikulu kwambiri, ndipo imakopa anthu pafupifupi 350,000 mwezi uliwonse wa August. Magulu othandizira achi Dutch LGBT + ali ndi netiweki yapadziko lonse lapansi; palinso mabungwe apadera omwe amathandiza anthu othawa kwawo.
Malta
Valletta sichimakumbukira nthawi yomweyo mukaganizira za mitu yayikulu padziko lonse lapansi, koma Malta yaying'ono yakwera pamwamba pa Europe Rainbow Index kwa zaka zinayi motsatana. Malta idapambana maiko ena 48 okhala ndi 90% pomwe idayikidwa pamalingaliro ochezeka a LGBT komanso kuvomereza moyo.
Malta ndi amodzi mwa mayiko owerengeka omwe malamulo awo amaletsa tsankho pazifukwa zomwe zimakonda kugonana komanso kudziwika kwa amuna ndi akazi, kuphatikiza kuntchito. Ukwati wa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha wakhala wovomerezeka kuyambira 2017 ndipo palibe zofunikira zochepa zokhalamo; Malta ndi yabwino kwa ukwati wopitako chifukwa chake. Anthu osakwatiwa komanso maanja, mosasamala kanthu za zogonana, ali ndi ufulu wolera ana, ndipo akazi okhaokha amatha kulandira chithandizo cha in vitro fertilization. Ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amatumikiranso poyera m’gulu lankhondo. Amuna achiwerewere, komabe, amaletsedwa kupereka magazi.
Ufulu wa Transgender ndi intersex ndi ena mwa amphamvu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Anthu amatha kusintha jenda mwalamulo popanda opaleshoni.
Maganizo a anthu pagulu la LGBT + asintha kwambiri pazaka khumi zapitazi. A 2016 Eurobarometer inanena kuti 65% ya Malta ankakonda kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha; uku kunali kulumpha kwakukulu kuchokera pa 18% yokha mu 2006.
Zochitika za LGBT + ku Malta
Ngakhale kuti ali ndi boma laubwenzi la LGBT, mawonekedwe a LGBT + sanatukuke bwino ku Malta monganso maiko ena aku Europe, omwe ali ndi mipiringidzo ndi malo odyera ochepa. Komabe, malo ambiri ochitirako usiku ndi magombe ndi ochezeka a LGBT ndipo amalandila anthu ammudzi. Kunyada ku Valletta mwezi uliwonse wa Seputembala ndikokopa alendo ambiri, nthawi zambiri andale akumaloko amakhalapo.
New Zealand
Nthawi zambiri amavotera amodzi mwamalo abwino kwambiri oti akhale otuluka, New Zealand yopita patsogolo ilinso ndi mbiri yabwino paufulu wa LGBT +. Malamulo a New Zealand ndi ochezeka ndi LGBT, omwe amapereka chitetezo zingapo potengera zomwe amakonda. Maukwati a amuna kapena akazi okhaokha akhala ovomerezeka kuyambira 2013. Mabanja omwe sali pabanja atha kukhala ndi ana limodzi. Ma Lesbians ali ndi mwayi wopeza chithandizo cha in vitro fertilization.
New Zealand imazindikiranso maubwenzi apabanja kapena osagwirizana ndi mabanja ochokera kunja, kaya ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kapena amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Expat ikhoza kuthandizira wokondedwa wawo, koma ayenera kukhala ndi nyumba yokhazikika. Nzika zaku Australia kapena okhala mokhazikika atha kuthandizira ma visa a anzawo.
Lamulo silikudziwika bwino pa ufulu wa transgender, komabe. Kusankhana pazifukwa zodziwika kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi sikuloledwa. Anthu atha kusintha jenda pa laisensi yawo yoyendetsa galimoto kapena pasipoti yokhala ndi chilengezo chovomerezeka; komabe, kuchita chimodzimodzi pa chikalata chobadwa kumafuna umboni wa chithandizo chamankhwala kulinga ku kusintha. Pofika pa Marichi 2019, lamulo lololeza kudzizindikiritsa lidachedwetsedwa podikirira kuti anthu akambirane.
Mbiri ya kulekerera kwa New Zealand imabwerera ku nthawi za Māori usanayambe utsamunda, ngakhale kuti atsamunda aku Britain adayambitsa malamulo odana ndi sodomy. Dzikolo linaletsa kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha mu 1986; kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha sikunali mlandu ku New Zealand. Kuyambira pamenepo pakhala pali aphungu angapo odzikuza komanso odzitukumula anyumba yamalamulo. Oposa 75% a New Zealand amavomereza kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.
Malamulo a New Zealand odana ndi tsankho komanso maukwati a amuna kapena akazi okhaokha sapitilira kudera lake, komabe.
LGBT yochezeka ku New Zealand
New Zealand ili ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino omwe amafalikira kudera lonselo. Wellington ndi Auckland amadzitamandira kuchuluka kwa mipiringidzo ndi makalabu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, koma okhala LGBT + ku Tauranga, Christchurch, Dunedin, ndi Hamilton nawonso akutsimikiziridwa kuti azikhala ndi usiku wabwino. Magulu onyada adakonzedwa kuyambira koyambirira kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri, ndipo lero pali zochitika zazikulu zisanu ndi chimodzi chaka chilichonse.
Hong Kong
Chivomerezo cha 2018 cha ma visa okwatirana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndi Khothi Lomaliza la Apilo chidakweza chiyembekezo cha omwe akuchokera kumayiko ena omwe akufuna kusamukira ku malo azachuma ku Asia. Kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kwakhala kovomerezeka kuyambira 1991; komabe, malamulo akumaloko samavomereza maukwati a amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kapena zibwenzi. Izi zitha kusintha kutsatira mgwirizano wa Khothi Lalikulu ku Hong Kong mu Januware 2019 kuti amve zovuta ziwiri zosiyana pagawo loletsa kukwatirana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. M’mwezi wa May 2019, m’busa wina wa m’derali anachititsanso Khoti Lalikulu kunena kuti lamuloli likulepheretsa mpingo wawo kukhala ndi ufulu wolambira.
Malamulo odana ndi tsankho nawonso ndi ofooka. Ngakhale anthu a LGBT+ sangaletsedwe mwalamulo kupeza ntchito zaboma, ochita kampeni akuti tsankho lafalikira. Amuna kapena akazi okhaokha sangathe kufunsira nyumba za boma kapena kusangalala ndi mapenshoni a anzawo. Komabe, okwatirana omwe amakhalira limodzi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amakhala ndi chitetezo chotsatira malamulo a nkhanza za m'banja.
Anthu a Transgender sangasinthe zikalata zamalamulo kuti ziwonetse zomwe akudziwa popanda kuchitidwa opaleshoni yotsimikizira kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi, malinga ndi chigamulo cha February 2019.
Kuvomerezedwa ndi anthu kwakula pomwe gawoli lakhala logwirizana ndi LGBT m'zaka zaposachedwa. Mu kafukufuku wa 2013 wa University of Hong Kong, 33.3% ya omwe adafunsidwa adagwirizana ndi maukwati a amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, ndipo 43% adatsutsa. Chaka chotsatira, kafukufuku yemweyo adawonetsanso zotsatira zofananira, ngakhale 74% ya omwe adafunsidwa adavomereza kuti amuna kapena akazi okhaokha azikhala ndi ufulu womwewo kapena maufulu omwe amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amasangalatsidwa. Pofika chaka cha 2017, kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti 50.4% ya omwe adafunsidwa adalimbikitsa maukwati a amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.
Chithunzi cha LGBT + ku Hong Kong
Expat-heavy Hong Kong ili ndi LGBT+ yodalirika komanso yotukuka. Mumzindawu mumakhala anthu onyada pachaka. Palinso mipiringidzo yosiyanasiyana, makalabu, ndi ma sauna a gay; Izi mwina zili chifukwa cha kukakamizidwa kwa anthu kuti agwirizane ndi machitidwe achikhalidwe a heteronormative. Makanema am'deralo ndi makanema apawailesi yakanema amafufuza mitu yachilendo; angapo osangalatsa atuluka ngakhale m’zaka zaposachedwapa, kaŵirikaŵiri kulandiridwa koyenera. Hong Kong Pride imachitika mwezi wa Novembala ndipo imakopa anthu pafupifupi 10,000.
Argentina
Nyali yaku Latin America ya ufulu wa LGBT+, mbiri yakale yaku Argentina imabwereranso kwa anthu amtundu wa Amapuche ndi Guaraní. Maguluwa sanangovomereza kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, komanso amachitira amuna, akazi, amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Monga dziko logwirizana ndi LGBT, dziko la Argentina lakhala ndi mawonekedwe opambana a LGBT + kuyambira pamene adabwerera ku demokalase mu 1983. dziko kulikonse. Lamuloli limalola anthu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kutengera, ndipo maanja omwe ali ndi vuto logonana ali ndi mwayi wofanana wolandira chithandizo cha umuna mu m'mimba. Ndende zimalola kuti akaidi ogonana amuna kapena akazi aziyendera limodzi. Ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha komanso okaona malo amathanso kukwatirana ku Argentina; komabe, maukwati amenewo samazindikirika ngati maukwati oterowo amakhalabe osaloledwa.
Ufulu wa Transgender ku Argentina ndi m'gulu lotsogola kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Chifukwa cha 2012 Gender Identity Law, anthu atha kusintha jenda popanda kukumana ndi chithandizo chamankhwala.
Ponseponse, anthu amathandizira kwambiri gulu la LGBT +. Argentina inali ndi malingaliro abwino kwambiri kuposa mayiko onse aku Latin America mu kafukufuku wa 2013 Global Attitudes wa Pew Research Center, pomwe 74% mwa omwe adafunsidwa adati kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha kuyenera kuvomerezedwa.
LGBT wochezeka ku Argentina
Buenos Aires ndi likulu la gay ku Argentina. Lakhala malo oyendera alendo a LGBT + kuyambira koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 2000, ndi chikondwerero chake cha Queer Tango chimodzi mwazinthu zazikuluzikulu. Madera ochezeka monga Palermo Viejo ndi San Telmo amadzitamandira ndi malo angapo ochezeka ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Komabe, zochitikazo zimafikira ku Rosario, Córdoba, Mar del Plata, ndi Mendoza pakati pa dziko la Argentina la vinyo.
Canada
Ndi mfundo zake zaufulu komanso malingaliro olandirira anthu osamukira kumayiko ena, Canada yakopa kwanthawi yayitali anthu a LGBT + ochokera kunja. Moyo wapamwamba komanso ntchito zachipatala ndi bonasi.
Kuyambira 1982, Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms yatsimikizira ufulu wachibadwidwe ku gulu la LGBT +. Maukwati a amuna kapena akazi okhaokha akhala ovomerezeka kuyambira 2005 (ngakhale maukwati oyamba a amuna kapena akazi okhaokha adatenga malo ku Toronto mu 2001). Anthu ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amatha kukhala ndi ana ndikukhala ndi mwayi woberekera mwankhanza. Adzakhalanso ndi phindu lofanana la anthu ndi misonkho, kuphatikizapo zokhudzana ndi penshoni, chitetezo cha ukalamba, ndi chitetezo cha bankirapuse.
Anthu a Trans amatha kusintha mayina awo ndikugonana mwalamulo popanda opaleshoni; omwe asankha kuchitidwa opaleshoni atha kugwiritsa ntchito chithandizo chamankhwala chaboma. Kuyambira 2017, anthu omwe ali ndi zidziwitso zosagwirizana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amatha kuzindikira izi pamapasipoti awo.
Makhalidwe achikhalidwe kwa anthu a LGBT + akupita patsogolo, ndi kafukufuku wa Pew wa 2013 akuti 80% ya anthu aku Canada amavomereza kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Kafukufuku wotsatira akuwonetsa kuti anthu ambiri aku Canada amavomereza kuti amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ayenera kukhala ndi ufulu wofanana wa makolo. Mu Epulo 2019, Canada idatulutsa chikumbutso cha loonie (ndalama ya dollar imodzi) kukondwerera zaka 50 zakuletsa pang'ono kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha.
Chithunzi cha LGBT + ku Canada
Monga momwe zilili kwina, moyo wa LGBT + umakonda kukhala wozungulira mizinda ikuluikulu, makamaka Toronto, Vancouver (yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala pakati pa mizinda yabwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi), ndi Montreal. Edmonton ndi Winnipeg amadzitamanso pazithunzi za LGBT+. Kunyada kukuchitika m'dziko lonse chilimwe ndi kutenga nawo mbali kwa ndale zachigawo ndi dziko; Prime Minister Justin Trudeau adakhala mtsogoleri woyamba wa boma kutenga nawo gawo ku Pride Toronto mu 2016.
Siyani Mumakonda