KUDADZWA KUVA: MAKORE MAKUMI MASHANU EKUCHEKERA KUDADHA
LGBTQ parades ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa uye yakakosha mhemberero yengochani nharaunda. Nhoroondo yekuzvikudza izere nenguva dzakajeka uye kurwira kodzero dzengochani. Tinodada kuva chikamu chemhuri yedu huru uye muchinyorwa chino tinokupa kuti udzidze zvishoma nezvenhoroondo yekudada.
Achirangarira makore ekutanga emhemberero dzeKudada mukuvamba kwema1970, mutori wemifananidzo Stanley Stellar anoyeuka kuti simba rose rakaiswa sei munzvimbo duku yeChristopher Street muNew York City kuWest Village. Panguva iyoyo, yaive nharaunda isingawanzo uko vanhu vanongochani vaigona kuenda kunosangana pachena, uye Pride parades aishanda pachiyero chevavakidzani zvakare - kure kure nevanhu vanofungidzirwa kuti mamirioni mashanu vakapinda chiitiko cheWorld Pride chaChikunguru chapfuura muNew York. Guta, mhemberero huru yeLGBTQ munhoroondo.
"Zvakatanga sechinhu chidiki chenzanga," Stellar, zvino ane makore 75, anoyeuka kudaro. “Paivawo nevaifora - mweya yakashinga zvikuru ine zviratidzo, saMarsha P. Johnson, uyo akatikurudzira tose. Vanhu pavaititsvinyira, motokari dzaipfuura dzichitipfira mate, dzichitipopotera nguva dzose, Marsha aivapo, achiratidzika kuva anonyadzisa uye ane mbiri murunako rwake, uye aiti 'musava nebasa nazvo.' Ndizvo zvinodaro 'P', 'usavabhadhara, musavarega vachitimisa.'
Iwo mweya usingamisikike wave kuratidza kusvitsa kwawo makore makumi mashanu: yekutanga Pride parade yakatora nzvimbo muUS muna 1970, gore mushure memhirizhonga paStonewall Inn iyo vazhinji vanofunga kuti ndiyo inokonzeresa yemazuva ano LGBTQ yerusununguko bato. Mugore iro kuungana kukuru kunodzivirirwa nekoronavirus uye zviitiko zvakawanda zvePride zvakadzimwa kana kumisikidzwa, anopfuura mazana mashanu Kudada uye LGBTQIA+ masangano enharaunda anobva kunyika makumi mapfumbamwe neimwe achatora chikamu muGlobal Pride munaChikumi 500. Asi, mumakumi emakore, Pride parade yakashanduka. nenzira inopfuura nhamba yevatori vechikamu - uye, mushure mekutora mifananidzo yemakumi mashanu emakore anokosha kwavari, Stellar akaona iyo shanduko pachake. "Ndiyo yaive musimboti wenyika yengochani," anodaro nezvemakore ekutanga ePride.
Kumukira kweStonewall kwakaitika pamusoro pehusiku hwakatevedzana pakupera kwaChikumi 1969. Kunyangwe nharaunda yeLGBTQ yakanga yasundidzira kumashure kusarura kwemapurisa mune dzimwe nguva diki dzinoverengeka mukupera kwema1960 mumaguta akaita seSan Francisco neLA, Stonewall akacheka nepakati zvisati zvamboitika. nzira.
"Vanhu vakanga vakagadzirira chiitiko chakaita seStonewall, uye vakave nekukurukurirana uye kuronga kuti vatange kutaura pakarepo," anodaro Katherine McFarland Bruce, munyori wePride Parades: How a Parade Changed the World. Mapoka evaratidziri muLA neChicago, ayo akabatawo Pride Parades muna 1970, akabva aita hukama nevamwe muNew York kuronga zviito panguva yekurangarira. Imo muLA, mweya waive wakanyanya kunakidzwa nekupemberera, Bruce anoti, New York yakarongwa zvakanyanya sechiito chekubatanidza vatsigiri. “Tinofanira kubuda pachena ndokurega kunyara, kana zvikasadaro vanhu vacharamba vachitibata sezvisina maturo,” mumwe akapinda kuratidzira muNew York City akaudza New York Times muna 1970. “ Uku kufora kunosimbisa uye kunosimbisa. kuziviswa kwekudada kwedu kutsva. "
Pakazosvika 1980, mapurisa ePride akanga aitika pasi rose mumaguta akaita seMontreal, London, Mexico City neSydney. Asi sezvo makore gumi aya akatanga, matauriro ezviitiko akachinja, sezvo njodzi dzedambudziko reAIDS dzakava musimboti wezviito nekuratidzira. Panguva ino, Stellar akange aine denderedzwa rakakura reshamwari dzema queer uye akatanga kuita zvakawanda mifananidzo vemunharaunda kunyora hupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva. "Ini ndainzwa senge ndine chikwereti kwatiri, sezvakaita queer 'isu,' kutanga kungotora mafoto avo vandaiziva uye vandaifunga kuti vakakodzera kuyeukwa," anodaro Stellar, ane chiratidziro chedhijitari chiri kuuya chinoitwa naKapp Kapp. Gallery, ine 10% yemari inoenda kutsigira Marsha P. Johnson Institute.
Kuna Bruce, Kudada kunoratidza nzira iyo LGBTQ nharaunda yakakwanisa kugara ichida chiito uye kuoneka kutenderedza nyaya dzezuva.
Mumakore ekuma1980, mapoka akarongwa akatenderedza dambudziko reAIDS, ma1990 akaona kuoneka kukuru kwenhau kuvanhu veLGBTQ muhupenyu hweveruzhinji, zvichiita kuti mamwe mabhizinesi atange kuuya kuzotora chikamu chePride. Nepo kucherechedzwa kweStonewall kwakange kwave nenguva yakapa nguva yezviitiko zvePride zvepagore, Mutungamiri Bill Clinton vakapa chiziviso muna 1999 kuti Chikumi wega wega waizova Mwedzi weKudada kweGay neLesbian muUS (Mutungamiri Barack Obama vakawedzera tsananguro muna 2008, pavakapa chiziviso. kuti mwedzi waChikumi urangarirwe seMwedzi weLesbian, Gay, Bisexual uye Transgender Pride Mwedzi.)
Kutanga kwema2000 kwakabva kwaita mushandirapamwe mukuru we kuroorwa-pabonde. Munguva yezhizha ra2010, Bruce akaita tsvakiridzo yebhuku rake, achipinda marata matanhatu akasiyana ePride mhiri kweUS, kusanganisira imwe muSan Diego, kumusha kune ruzhinji rwemauto echiuto, uko mushandirapamwe wakanyanya kudzima "usadaro. bvunza, usataure” mutemo. "Ini ndinofunga Kudada imotokari yemapoka eLGBT kuti nyaya dzemazuva ano dzinzwike munharaunda yavo uye munharaunda yeruzhinji mavari," Bruce anoratidza - achiwedzera kuti mumakore achangopfuura, mishandirapamwe yekururamisira kwerudzi uye transgender. kodzero dzave dzakakurumbira.
Zvakadaro sezvo kusarongeka uku kwakakwira kusvika pamberi pekuziva kweveruzhinji, akati wandei maficha makuru, enguva refu ePride parade akatariswa zvakanyanya - kudzorera Kudada, neimwe nzira, kune kwainotungamirwa nekuratidzira.
Vamwe varatidziri veLBGTQ uye varongi venharaunda vakashoropodza kubatanidzwa kwePride, sezvo mapurisa anotarisa kumabhizinesi kuti awane rutsigiro rwekubatsira nemari inodikanwa yemhomho iri kukurumidza kukura. Vamwe vanobvunza kana chiito chakadzika midzi chiri shure kwemuraraungu flags. "Chii chinoitika musi waChikunguru 1 apo vakuru vedu vasingakwanisi kuwana pekugara, uye vana vachidzingwa mudzimba dzavo, uye vese vakadzi nevakadzi vechikadzi vari kupondwa mumugwagwa? Ita kuti murarabungu ureve chimwe chinhu mazuva mazana matatu nemakumi matanhatu kubva pagore, ”Ellen Broidy, nhengo yeGay Liberation Front uye muvambi wegore rekutanga Gay Pride Kurume muna 365.
Varatidziri muNew York neSan Francisco vakatanga maparade avo akaparadzana kuratidzira mapurisa nekubatanidzwa kwemakambani pamaparadhi akanyanya kusimbiswa, vachipihwa nhoroondo uye dzemazuva ano ehupurisa husina kuenzana hwenharaunda dzevatema nedzeumbwende. Uye, vachipindura kushaikwa kwekusiyana-siyana muzviitiko zvikuru zvekudada, varongi vatanga zviitiko kugadzira nzvimbo yakachengeteka yevakanyanya kuderedzwa pakati pe LGBTQ nharaunda. MuUK, rutsigiro rwawedzera kuUK Black Pride, iyo yakatanga muna 2005 segungano diki rakarongwa neBlack lesbians kuti vauye pamwechete vachigovana zvavakasangana nazvo. Chiitiko ichi chave mhemberero huru muEurope ye LGBTQ vanhu veAfrica, Asia, Caribbean, Middle East uye Latin America dzinza, uye haina hukama nePride muLondon, iyo yakashoropodzwa kare nekuda kwekushaikwa kwayo kwekusiyana.
Kune vamwe, kugara munzvimbo dzinoita ngochani panjodzi dzemhirizhonga dzakatemerwa nehurumende uye kunyangwe rufu, zviitiko zvePride zvinoita basa rakafanana nerakaonekwa munzvimbo dzakaita seNew York kuma1970s, senzira yakakosha yekurarama. Makore achangopfuura akaona nharaunda dzemu eSwatini, Trinidad neTobago, neNepal vachironga kuita mapurisa ekutanga ePride. Muratidziri Kasha Jacqueline Nabageser akaronga mhemberero yekutanga yePride muUganda muna 2012, mushure mekuona kuti akange amboenda kuPride dzakawanda pasi rose asi asina kumbobvira ari munyika yake, uko mitemo yenguva refu yakasara kubva panguva yekoloni inopara mhosva kuita zvepabonde. "Kwandiri, yaive nguva yekuunza nharaunda pamwe chete, uye kuti vazive kuti havasi vega, pese pavanenge vakahwanda," anodaro Nabageser, achiwedzera kuti vanhu vangangove vasina kuzviona sevaratidziri veLGBTQ vakauya kuchiitiko ichi. uye vakazobatanawo mukukurudzira kodzero dzengochani munyika. Vanhu vangangosvika zana nemakumi masere vakaratidza chiitiko chekutanga muguta reEntebbe, uye nepo hurumende yeUganda yakaedza kuvhara mhemberero dzePride dzakatevera, Nabageser anoona kutsiva sechiratidzo chesimba renharaunda mukuonekwa kwayo.
"Painotimisa [hurumende], ndipo pavanowedzera kutsamwa munharaunda, uye chido cheKudada. Kwatiri, kwave kuhwina,” anodaro, achiwedzera kuti nharaunda iri kuronga nzira dzekupemberera zvakachengeteka mumapoka madiki mukati meiyo coronavirus denda. "Imwe nzira kana imwe, tichave nePride, uye isu tinofanirwa kuenderera mberi nekurwa."
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