IMIBILI YE-LGBTQ YEMBALI KUFUNEKA UYAZI, ISIQEPHU5
Ukusuka kwabo ubaziyo ukuya kwabo ungabaziyo, aba ngabantu abakhohlakeleyo amabali kunye nemizabalazo eyenze inkcubeko ye-LGBTQ kunye noluntu njengoko sisazi namhlanje.
ULili Elbe (1882-1931)
U-Lili Elbe wayengumfazi waseDanish ogqithise isini kwaye ephakathi kwabamkeli bokuqala utyando lokwabiwa ngokwesini.
Wazalwa uEinar Magnus Andreas Wegener, kwaye wayengumzobi ophumeleleyo phantsi kweli gama. Ngeli xesha, wayekwanguLili waza waziswa esidlangalaleni njengodade boEinar.
Ngowe-1930, u-Elbe waya eJamani ukuze enze utyando lokwahlulwa ngokwesini, olwalulinge kakhulu ngelo xesha. Uthotho lwemisebenzi emine lwenziwa kwisithuba seminyaka emibini.
Emva kokutshintshwa ngempumelelo, watshintsha igama lakhe elisemthethweni laba nguLili Ilse Elvenes kwaye wayeka ukupeyinta ngokupheleleyo. Igama elithi Lili Elbe walinikwa yintatheli yaseCopenhagen uLouise Lassen.
U-Elbe waqala ubudlelwane nomthengisi wezobugcisa waseFransi uClaude Lejeune, awayefuna ukutshata naye kwaye wayefuna ukuba nabantwana. Wayejonge phambili kuqhaqho lwakhe lokugqibela olubandakanya uqhaqho-fakelo lwesibeleko.
Noko ke, inkqubo yakhe yokugonyeka yasikhaba isibeleko esitshayelweyo, waza waba nentsholongwane. Wafa ngo-1931, kwiinyanga ezintathu emva kotyando, ukubanjwa kwentliziyo okubangelwa usulelo eneminyaka engama-48.
Ubomi bukaLili baziswa kwiscreen esikhulu kwimuvi ka-2015 Intombazana yaseDanish kunye no-Eddie Redmayne edlala njengaye.
UKeith Haring (1958-1990)
UKeith Haring wayeligcisa laseMelika elinobugcisa bepop kunye nomsebenzi ofana negrafiti okhule uphuma kwinkcubeko yesitrato yeSixeko saseNew York ngeminyaka yoo-1980.
Emva kokwamkelwa koluntu wenze imisebenzi emikhulu efana nemizobo emibalabala.
Umsebenzi wakhe wamva wawuhlala ujongana nemixholo yezopolitiko neyoluntu - ngakumbi ubufanasini kunye noGawulayo - ngemifanekiso yakhe yemifanekiso.
U-Haring wayeyi-gay ngokuphandle kwaye wayengumthetheleli onamandla wesondo esikhuselekileyo, nangona kunjalo, ngo-1988, wafunyaniswa ukuba unoGawulayo.
Ukusukela ngo-1982 ukuya kowe-1989, waboniswa kwimiboniso engaphezu kwe-100 eyedwa kunye neqela kwaye wavelisa ngaphezulu kwemisebenzi yobugcisa kawonke-wonke engama-50 kwimibutho yesisa, izibhedlele, amaziko okhathalelo lwemini, nakumakhaya eenkedama.
Wasebenzisa umfanekiso wakhe kwiminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe ukuthetha ngesigulo sakhe kunye nokwenza ubutshantliziyo nokwazisa ngoGawulayo.
Ngo-1989, waseka i-Keith Haring Foundation ukubonelela ngenkxaso-mali kunye nemifanekiso kwimibutho ye-Aids kunye neenkqubo zabantwana, kunye nokwandisa abaphulaphuli ngomsebenzi wakhe ngemiboniso, upapasho kunye nelayisensi yemifanekiso yakhe.
UHaring wasweleka ngoFebruwari 16, 1990, ngenxa yesigulo esinxulumene noGawulayo eneminyaka engama-31 ubudala. Ukhunjulwa kwiAids Memorial Quilt.
UMadonna ubhengeze ukuba umhla wokuqala waseNew York kuKhenketho lweHlabathi lweBlond Ambition ka-1990 iya kuba yikonsathi yenzuzo yenkumbulo kaHaring kwaye wanikela ngayo yonke ingeniso esuka kwiintengiso zamatikiti kwimibutho yesisa kaGawulayo.
ULarry Kramer (1935-2020)
ULarry Kramer wayengumbhali wemidlalo yaseMelika, umbhali, umvelisi wefilimu, ummeli wezempilo yoluntu, kunye nomlweli wamalungelo e-LGBT.
UKramer ukhungathekile ngenxa yokukhubazeka kwamagosa kunye nokungakhathali kwamadoda athandana namanye amadoda kwingxaki kaGawulayo waza waseka iGMHC (eyayibizwa ngokuba yiGay Men's Health Crisis) kunye neACT UP (umfelandawonye weAids to Unleash Power), emibini yemibutho ekhokelayo ephendule ubhubhane kaGawulayo.
Ngo-1988, uxinzelelo lokuvalwa komdlalo wakhe othi 'Yithi Hayi', kwiiveki nje ezimbalwa emva kokuvulwa kwawo, kwanyanzela uKramer ukuba angene esibhedlele emva kokuba iye yaqatsela indlala yokuzalwa. Ngoxa wayesenza utyando, oogqirha bafumanisa ukonakala kwesibindi ngenxa yeHepatitis B, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba uKramer afumanise ukuba une-HIV.
Abantu abaphila ne-HIV bebesoloko bejongwa njengabangafanelekanga kuqhaqho-fakelo lwelungu ngenxa yeengxaki ezivela kwi-HIV kunye nokucingelwa ukuba ubomi bufutshane. Kuma-4,954 ofakelo lwesibindi olwenziwa eUnited States, li-11 kuphela abantu abane-HIV.
UKramer, owatshata neqabane lakhe lexesha elide uDavid Webster ngo-2013 emva kweminyaka engama-22 bekunye, waba luphawu lwabantu abosulelekileyo ababenoqeshiso olutsha ebomini ngenxa yenkqubela phambili kwezamayeza.
URock Hudson (1925-1985)
URock Hudson wayengumdlali weqonga waseMelika, owaziwa ngokubanzi ngokujika kwakhe njengendoda ekhokelayo ngeminyaka yoo-1950 kunye neyee-1960 kwaye wayejongwa “njengentliziyo ebuhlungu” yeHollywood Golden Age.
Nangona u-Hudson wayeyingqondi malunga nobumfihlo bakhe ebomini bakhe bonke, into yokuba wayeyi-gay kwabikwa ukuba yaziwa kwishishini lefilimu.
Ngo-1955, iphephancwadi i-Confidential lagrogrisa ngokupapasha inkcazo malunga nobufanasini obuyimfihlo buka-Hudson.
Kungekudala emva kwesehlo soMfihlo, u-Hudson watshata unobhala wakhe ongxamisekileyo uHenry Willson uPhyllis Gates. Wafaka isicelo soqhawulo-mtshato emva kweminyaka emithathu ngo-Aprili 1958, ekhankanya inkohlakalo yengqondo.
Akwaziwa kuluntu, u-Hudson wafunyaniswa ene-HIV ngo-1984, kwiminyaka nje emithathu emva kokuvela kweqela lokuqala lezigulane ezinempawu e-US, kwaye unyaka omnye kuphela emva kokuchongwa kokuqala zizazinzulu zentsholongwane kaGawulayo ebangela uGawulayo.
Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezalandelayo, u-Hudson wagcina isigulo sakhe siyimfihlo kwaye waqhubeka esebenza ngelixa, kwangaxeshanye, esiya eFransi nakwamanye amazwe efuna unyango-okanye ubuncinane unyango lokucothisa inkqubela yentsholongwane.
Malunga nentsimbi yesi-9 kusasa ngo-Okthobha 2, 1985, u-Hudson wasweleka ebuthongweni ngenxa yeengxaki ezinxulumene noGawulayo kwikhaya lakhe eBeverly Hills eneminyaka engama-59, ngaphantsi kweeveki ezisixhenxe ngaphambi kokuba kube yimini yakhe yokuzalwa engama-60.
Wayengumntu wokuqala osaziwayo ukubhubha ngenxa yesigulo esinxulumene noGawulayo.
Ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe u-Hudson wenza igalelo lokuqala elithe ngqo, i-250,000 yeedola, kwi-amfAR, iSiseko soPhando lwe-Aids, encedisa ukusungula umbutho ongenzi nzuzo ozinikele kuphando lwe-AIDS kunye nothintelo.
Shiya iMpendulo