PHEZULU KWELONA LONA LONKE LAMAZWE ABUBANE BE-LGBTQ WOKUPHUMA
Ukuba ufuna ukuhamba kwindawo ethile uwedwa okanye neqabane lakho okanye ukufudukela, mhlawumbi ungathanda ukwazi apho kulula ukufumana inkqubo yokuzonwabisa LGBTQ epheleleyo kwaye apho iya kugcinwa kwaye friendly. Kweli nqaku siza kwazisa yethu phezulu kwawona mazwe anobubele LGBTQ for expats.
Bheljiyam
Amalungelo e-LGBT+ eBelgium aphakathi kwawona anenkqubela phambili ehlabathini; ilizwe likwindawo yesibini kuhlelo luka-2019 lwe-ILGA ye-Rainbow Europe Index. Ukwabelana ngesondo kwabantu besini esifanayo bekusemthethweni ukusukela ngo-1795, xa ilizwe lalingummandla waseFransi. Ucalucalulo ngokwesiseko sokuziphatha ngokwesondo luye lwanqunyanyiswa ukusukela ngo-2003, unyaka iBelgium isemthethweni. umtshato wesini esifanayo. Izibini zixhamla amalungelo afanayo nabesini esahlukileyo; banokuthatha, kwaye iilesbians zinokufikelela kwi-in vitro fertilization. Imitshato yesini esifanayo i-akhawunti ye-2.5% yayo yonke imitshato eBelgium.
I-Expats inokutshata eBelgium ukuba iqabane elinye lihlala apho kangangeenyanga ezintathu. Kuyenzeka ukuba abantu abangengabo abe-EU/EEA bagunyaziswe ukuba bahlale eBelgium baxhase amaqabane abo kwi-visa yaseBelgium yokumanyanisa usapho.
Amalungelo eTransgender ahambele phambili kakhulu eBelgium, apho abantu banokutshintsha isini sabo esisemthethweni ngaphandle kotyando. Nangona kunjalo, i-ILGA icebisa ukuba makwenziwe umsebenzi omninzi ngokumalunga nabantu besini esahlukileyo; IBelgium kusafuneka iluthintele ungenelelo lwezonyango olungeyomfuneko njengokwenza utyando lokuzimisela ngokwesondo kubantwana. Umthetho wentiyo wolwaphulo-mthetho kubantu abathandana neentlobano zesini kunye nabesini esinye awukapasiswa. Isini sesithathu kumaxwebhu asemthethweni asazakwaziswa.
Ngokubanzi, iBelgium ibonisa inqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu lolwamkelo lobufanasini. I-Eurobarometer ye-2015 yafumanisa ukuba i-77% yabantu baseBelgium bacinga ukuba umtshato wesini esifanayo kufuneka uvunyelwe kulo lonke elaseYurophu, ngelixa i-20% ingavumelani.
Indawo ye-LGBT enobubele eBelgium
IBelgium inendawo enkulu kunye nephuhliswe kakuhle ye-LGBT + ebonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhetha kunye nezinto ezikhethwayo. Antwerp (IAntwerpen) babene-edgier kunye noluntu olucinga phambili ngakumbi, kodwa iBrussels iye yalahla umfanekiso wayo wobungxowankulu kwiminyaka yamuva. Bruges (I-Brugge), Ghent (Gent), uLiège, kunye no-Ostend (Oostende) bonke banobomi basebusuku be-gay. UCanzibe ngokubanzi yiNyanga yeQhayiya kulo lonke uBukumkani, kunye neBrussels ibambe eyona parade inkulu.
Speyin
Yiba nombono wakho unkqonkqoza umva i-cava nomyeni wakho kwithafa laseMadrid? Ukunyuka kwamaqela ezopolitiko achasene ne-LGBT nangona kunjalo, iSpain yenye yezona ndawo zinenkululeko yenkcubeko yabantu abathandana nabasetyhini. Umtshato wesini esifanayo eSpain usemthethweni ukususela ngo-2005. Uncwadi lweSpanishi, umculo, kunye ne-cinema iphonononga rhoqo imixholo ye-LGBT+. Ukusuka eMadrid ukuya eGran Canaria, eli lizwe linendawo eyahlukahlukeneyo neyamkelekileyo kuwo onke amalungu oluntu lwe-queer. Abantu abathandana besini esifanayo abahlala eSpain banamalungelo amaninzi asemthethweni xa bebhalisa ubudlelwane babo. Oku kuquka ukuthatha umntwana ongamzalanga abe ngowakho, ukuvunywa ngokuzenzekelayo kobuzali kwizatifikethi zokuzalwa, irhafu yelifa, amalungelo okufumana umhlala-phantsi, ukuvunywa ngeenjongo zokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe, ukuphathwa ngokulinganayo ngeenjongo zerhafu – kuquka irhafu yelifa – nokukhuselwa kugonyamelo lwasekhaya. ISpain ibeke indawo ye-11 eYurophu kumalungelo abantu besini esifanayo ngo-2019, ngokulingana okupheleleyo malunga ne-60%.
Ukusukela ngo-2007, abantu bakwazile ukutshintsha isini sabo eSpain, kwaye ilizwe lelinye lawona mazwe axhasa kakhulu amalungelo otshintshiselwano. Ngo-2018, umlweli we-LGBT + oneminyaka engama-27 ubudala u-Angela Ponce waba ngumfazi wokuqala ogqithise isini ukukhuphisana kukhuphiswano lukaMiss Universe, apho wafumana ihlombe.
Imisitho yeLGBT+ eSpain
Kwilizwe lamaKatolika, iSpain inobubele kakhulu be-LGBT. Phantse i-90% yabemi abamkela ubufanasini, ngokutsho kophando lokugqibela lwePew Research. Ngo-2006, uSitges watyhila isikhumbuzo sokuqala se-LGBT + selizwe ukukhumbula ukuhlaselwa kwamapolisa ngo-1996 kumadoda angama-gay elwandle ebusuku.
Inetherlands
Njengelizwe lokuqala ukwenza ngokusemthethweni umtshato wesini esifanayo ngo-2001, iNetherlands inonxibelelwano lweemvakalelo kunye nabantu be-LGBT +. INetherlands yabugweba ubufanasini ngowe-1811; ibha yokuqala ye-gay yavulwa e-Amsterdam ngo-1927; kwaye ngo-1987, i-Amsterdam yatyhila i-Homomonument, isikhumbuzo samafanasini kunye nama-lesbians abulawa ngamaNazi. Ukunyanyiswa ngokwenkolo kwemitshato yabantu besini esifanayo kuye kwenziwa ukususela ngeminyaka yoo-1960. Umtshato woluntu amagosa akanakwala abantu besini esinye. Umtshato wesini esifanayo awunakwenzeka eAruba, eCuraçao, naseSint Maarten, nangona kunjalo.
I-Expats inokuxhasa amaqabane abo. Kufuneka babonise ubudlelwane obubodwa, ingeniso eyaneleyo, kwaye baphumelele uviwo lokudibanisa. Abantu besini esifanayo banokuthatha okanye basebenzise iinkonzo zokubeleka. Ucalucalulo lokuziqhelanisa nesondo emsebenzini nakwizindlu akukho mthethweni. Abantu besini esifanayo baxhamla amalungelo alinganayo erhafu kunye nelifa.
Abantwana banokutshintsha isini sabo. Abantu abadala beTrans banokuzichonga ngaphandle kwengxelo kagqirha. Abemi baseDatshi banokufaka izicelo zeencwadana zokundwendwela ezingathathi hlangothi ngokwesini. Amatshantliziyo athi kuninzi ekufuneka kwenziwe malunga namalungelo abantu besini esahlukileyo.
I-74% yabemi inesimo sengqondo esihle malunga nokulala kwabantu abathandana besini esifana nesabo kunye nesini esibini. I-57% ilungile malunga nabantu be-transgender kunye nokwahlukana ngokwesini, ngokutsho kophando lwe-2017 yi-Netherlands Institute for Social Research. Nangona ilizwe elinobuhlobo be-LGBT, iNetherlands iqhuba kakubi kunabamelwane bayo malunga nolwaphulo-mthetho olunentiyo kunye nentetho kunye nonyango lokuguqulwa luhlala lusemthethweni. I-Flatlands ibekwe kwindawo ye-12 eYurophu kumalungelo abantu besini esifanayo ngo-2019.
Imisitho yeLGBT+ eNetherlands
Ikomkhulu laseDatshi, elihlala libizwa ngokuba yi-gayway ukuya eYurophu, linenkcubeko edlamkileyo ye-LGBT+ kwaye ibonelela kuzo zonke iinkanuko kunye namakhubalo. Indawo ye-gay idlulela ngaphaya kweAmsterdam, nangona kunjalo, ineebhari, ii-saunas, kunye nemiboniso bhanyabhanya kwizixeko ezininzi zamaDatshi, kubandakanya iRotterdam, iHague (Den Haag), Amersfoort, Enschede, kunye neGroningen. Izixeko ezininzi zikwabambe eyazo iminyhadala yebhongo, iphelele ngokuthatha inxaxheba koosopolitiki basekhaya. I-Pride Amsterdam, kunye nomngcelele wayo wemisele, yeyona inkulu, kwaye itsala abantu abamalunga nama-350,000 ngo-Agasti ngamnye. Amaqela enkxaso e-LGBT+ yaseDatshi anothungelwano lwelizwe lonke; kukwakho nemibutho ethile exhasa iimbacu.
Malta
I-Valletta ayifuni ngokukhawuleza engqondweni xa ucinga ngama-capital gay ehlabathi, kodwa i-Malta encinci iphezulu kwi-European Rainbow Index iminyaka emine ilandelelana. I-Malta ibetha amanye amazwe angama-48 kunye nenqaku le-90% xa ibekwe kwimigaqo-nkqubo yobuhlobo ye-LGBT kunye nokwamkelwa kwendlela yokuphila.
I-Malta lelinye lamazwe ambalwa anomgaqo-siseko othintela ucalucalulo ngezizathu zokuziqhelanisa nesondo kunye nesazisi sesini, kubandakanya nasemsebenzini. Umtshato wesini esifanayo usemthethweni ukususela ngo-2017 kwaye akukho mfuneko yokuhlala encinci; I-Malta ilungele umtshato wendawo ngenxa yoko. Abantu abangatshatanga kunye nabatshatileyo, nokuba bathe phithi ngokwezesondo, bayawonwabela amalungelo okuthathwa kwabantwana, kwaye iilesbians zinokufikelela kunyango lwe-in vitro fertilization. Amafanasini akwasebenza ngokuphandle emkhosini. Amadoda angama-gay, nangona kunjalo, avaliwe ukuba anikele ngegazi.
Amalungelo e-Transgender kunye ne-intersex aphakathi kwawona anamandla kwihlabathi. Abantu banokutshintsha isini sabo ngokusemthethweni ngaphandle kotyando.
Izimo zengqondo zoluntu kuluntu lweLGBT + zitshintshe kakhulu kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo. I-Eurobarometer ye-2016 ibike ukuba i-65% yaseMalta yayithanda umtshato wesini esifanayo; oku ibikukutsiba okubalulekileyo ukusuka kwi-18% kuphela ngowama-2006.
Iziganeko zeLGBT+ eMalta
Ngaphandle kokuba norhulumente onobubele we-LGBT, indawo ye-LGBT+ ayiphuhliswanga kakuhle eMalta njengoko injalo kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, eneebhari ezizinikeleyo kunye neekhefi ezimbalwa. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweendawo zobusuku kunye neelwandle zinobubele be-LGBT kwaye zamkelekile kuluntu. Umngcelele wokuzingca eValletta rhoqo ngoSeptemba ngumtsalane omkhulu wabakhenkethi, uhlala kukho abezopolitiko basekhaya.
Nyu Zilend
Idla ngokuvotelwa enye yezona ndawo zibalaseleyo zokuphuma kwelinye ilizwe, iNew Zealand enenkqubela-phambili nayo inerekhodi entle kumalungelo e-LGBT+. Umgaqo-siseko waseNew Zealand unobuhlobo be-LGBT, unika ukhuseleko oluninzi olusekwe kukuziqhelanisa nesondo. Umtshato wesini esinye ubusemthethweni ukusukela ngo-2013. Izibini ezingatshatanga zaso nasiphi na isini zinokuthatha abantwana ngokudibeneyo. Iilesbians zinokufikelela kunyango lwe-in vitro fertilization.
INew Zealand ikwaqaphela ubudlelwane obutshatileyo okanye obungeyonyani kumaqabane angaphandle, nokuba ngabantu besini esingafaniyo okanye abathandana besini esifanayo. I-expat inokuxhasa iqabane labo, kodwa kufuneka ibe nendawo yokuhlala esisigxina. Abemi baseOstreliya okanye abahlali ngokusisigxina bangakwazi ukuxhasa ngezimali i-visa yeqabane.
Umthetho awucacanga kumalungelo abantu abatshintshe isini, nangona kunjalo. Ucalucalulo ngenxa yesazisi ngokwesini aluvumelekanga ngokuphandle. Abantu banokutshintsha isini sabo kwiilayisensi zabo zokuqhuba okanye incwadana yokundwendwela ngesibhengezo esisemthethweni; nangona kunjalo, ukwenza okufanayo kwisatifikethi sokuzalwa kufuna ubungqina bonyango olubhekiselele kwinguqu. Ukusukela ngoMatshi ka-2019, umthetho oyilwayo ovumela ukuba umntu azazise ulibazisekile kusalindwe uthethwano noluntu.
Imbali yaseNew Zealand yonyamezelo ibuyela kumaxesha angaphambi kobukoloniyali beMāori, nangona ubukoloniyali baseBritane bubangele imithetho echasene nesodomy. Eli lizwe labugxeka ubufanasini phakathi kwamadoda ngowe-1986; izenzo zobufanasini zange ibe lulwaphulo-mthetho eNew Zealand. Sele kukho amalungu epalamente aliqela aphumayo nazingcayo athandanayo nabatshintshe isini. Ngaphezu kwama-75% abantu baseNew Zealand bamkela ubufanasini.
Imithetho yaseNew Zealand echasene nocalucalulo kunye nomtshato wesini esifanayo ayinwebeki kwindawo yayo, nangona kunjalo.
LGBT friendly New Zealand
INew Zealand inomboniso olingana nobukhulu obufikelela kwilizwe liphela. I-Wellington kunye ne-Auckland ziqhayisa ngelona nani likhulu leebhari kunye neeklabhu ze-gay, kodwa abahlali be-LGBT + eTauranga, eChristchurch, eDunedin, naseHamilton nabo baqinisekisiwe ubusuku obulungileyo. Iiparade zokuzingca ziye zacwangciswa ukusukela kwiminyaka yamashumi asixhenxe, kwaye namhlanje kukho ubuncinci imisitho emikhulu emithandathu ngonyaka.
Hong Kong
Ukuvunywa kwe-2018 yee-visa zamaqabane kubantu abathandana besini esifanayo yiNkundla yesiBheno soGqibelelo kwaphakamisa ithemba labafuduki abafuna ukuya kwindawo yezemali yase-Asia. Ubufanasini ngokwabo busemthethweni ukususela ngo-1991; nangona kunjalo, umthetho wasekhaya awuqapheli umtshato wesini esifanayo okanye ubuqabane boluntu. Oku kunokutshintsha emva kwesivumelwano seNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseHong Kong kaJanuwari 2019 sokumamela imingeni emibini eyahlukeneyo kukuvalwa kwendawo kumtshato wesini esifanayo. NgoMeyi 2019, umfundisi wasekuhlaleni naye wasusa iNkundla ePhakamileyo, esithi ukuvalwa komsebenzi kuphazamisa inkululeko yebandla lakhe lokunqula.
Imithetho echasene nocalucalulo nayo ibuthathaka. Nangona abantu be-LGBT+ besenokungathintelwa ngokusemthethweni ekufikeleleni kwabo kwiinkonzo zikarhulumente, abakhankasi bathi ucalucalulo luxhaphakile. Abantu besini esifanayo abanako ukufaka izicelo zezindlu zikawonke-wonke okanye baxhamle izibonelelo zomhlalaphantsi zamaqabane abo. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abathandana besini esinye abahlala kunye bonwabela ukhuseleko phantsi kwemithetho yasekhaya yobundlobongela basekhaya.
Abantu abatshintshe isini banokungawatshintshi amaxwebhu asemthethweni ukuze babonise izazisi zabo ngaphandle koqhaqho lokuqinisekisa isini, ngokwesigqibo sikaFebruwari 2019.
Ukwamkelwa koluntu kukhule njengoko ummandla uye waba ngumhlobo we-LGBT kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Kwi-poll ye-2013 yiYunivesithi yaseHong Kong, i-33.3% yabaphenduli baxhasa umtshato wesini esifanayo, kunye ne-43% echasene. Kunyaka olandelayo, ukuvota okufanayo kwavelisa iziphumo ezifanayo, nangona i-74% yabaphenduli bavuma ukuba izibini zesini esifanayo kufuneka zibe namalungelo afanayo okanye amanye awonwabele abantu abathandana besini esingafaniyo. Ngo-2017, uphando lufumene ukuba i-50.4% yabaphenduli baxhasa umtshato wesini esifanayo.
Umboniso weLGBT+ eHong Kong
I-Expat-heavy Hong Kong inokuzithemba kunye ne-LGBT+ subculture ekhulayo. Esi sixeko silikhaya lomsitho wonyaka wokuzingca. Kukwakho neentlobo ngeentlobo zeebhari, iiklabhu, kunye neesaunas zamadoda; oku kunokwenzeka ukuba kungenxa yoxinzelelo lwentlalo ukuba luhambelane neemodeli zemveli ze-heteronormative. Iifilimu zasekhaya kunye neemveliso zikamabonwakude zihlala zihlola imixholo engaqhelekanga; ezininzi abakhenkethi baye baphuma kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngokuqhelekileyo ukuya kulwamkelo olwakhayo ubukhulu becala. I-Hong Kong Pride ibanjwa rhoqo ngoNovemba kwaye itsala abantu abaqikelelwa kwi-10,000.
Argentina
Ibhakana yaseLatin America yamalungelo e-LGBT+, imbali engaqhelekanga yaseArgentina ibuyela emva kubantu bomthonyama baseMapuche naseGuaraní. La maqela awazange amkele kuphela isini sesithathu, kodwa aphinde aphatha abantu abangamadoda, ababhinqileyo, abaguqule isini, kunye nabantu abalinganayo. Njengelizwe elinobubele be-LGBT, i-Argentina iye yaba ne-LGBT + indawo ekhulayo ukususela ekubuyeleni kwayo kwidemokhrasi ngo-1983. Ngo-2010, yaba lilizwe lokuqala eLatin America kunye neyeshumi kwihlabathi ukubhalisa umtshato wesini esifanayo, isiganeko esibalulekileyo kumaKatolika. ilizwe naphi na. Umthetho uvumela abantu abathandana besini esinye ukuba bathathe umntwana wabo, kwaye amaqabane athandana namanye amabhinqa anofikelelo olulinganayo kunyango lwe-in vitro fertilization. Iintolongo zivumela amabanjwa athandana namanye amadoda. Abantu besini esifanayo nabakhenkethi nabo banokutshata eArgentina; nangona kunjalo, loo mitshato ayiqatshelwa apho imitshato enjalo ihlala ingekho mthethweni.
Amalungelo eTransgender eArgentina aphakathi kwawona ahambele phambili kwihlabathi liphela. Enkosi kuMthetho weSazisi ngokweSini ka-2012, abantu banokutshintsha isini sabo ngaphandle kokujongana nongenelelo lwezonyango.
Lilonke, uluntu luxhasa kakhulu uluntu lweLGBT+. I-Argentina yayinezona zimo zengqondo ezintle kuwo onke amazwe aseLatin America kwi-Pew Research Centre's 2013 Global Attitudes Survey, kunye nama-74% abo babuzwayo besithi ubufanasini kufanele bamkelwe.
LGBT friendly Argentina
IBuenos Aires likomkhulu le-gay yaseArgentina. Ibiyindawo yokundwendwela ye-LGBT + ukusukela kwiminyaka yoo-2000s, kunye nomnyhadala we-Queer Tango phakathi kwezinto eziphambili. Iindawo ezihlala abantu abathandana nabantu abaninzi njengePalermo Viejo kunye neSan Telmo ziqhayisa ngeendawo ezininzi ezinobuhlobo kubantu abathandana nabantu abathandana nabo. Noko ke, lo mboniso unabela eRosario, eCórdoba, eMar del Plata, naseMendoza kumbindi welizwe lewayini laseArgentina.
Khanada
Ngemigaqo-nkqubo yayo yenkululeko kunye nesimo sengqondo esamkelekileyo sokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe, iCanada kudala yatsala abantu be-LGBT + abavela phesheya. Umgangatho ophezulu wobomi kunye neenkonzo zempilo yibhonasi.
Ukusukela ngo-1982, iTshatha yamaLungelo neNkululeko yaseKhanada iqinisekise amalungelo oluntu asisiseko kuluntu lweLGBT+. Umtshato wesini esifanayo usemthethweni ukusukela ngo-2005 (nangona imitshato yokuqala yehlabathi yathatha indawo eToronto ngo-2001). Abantu abathandana besini esifanayo banokuba nabantwana kwaye bafikelele kwi-altruistic surrogacy. Bazakuxhamla izibonelelo ezilinganayo zentlalo nerhafu, kuquka nezo zinxulumene nepenshini, ukhuseleko lwabantu abadala, kunye nokhuseleko lokungatshoni.
Abantu beTrans banokutshintsha amagama abo kunye nesondo esisemthethweni ngaphandle kotyando; abo bakhethe utyando banokusebenzisa ukhuseleko lwezempilo lukawonke-wonke. Ukususela ngo-2017, abantu abane-non-binary identity identity banokuphawula oku kwiipasipoti zabo.
Izimo zengqondo zabantu be-LGBT + ziqhubela phambili, kunye nophando lwe-Pew ka-2013 oluphawula ukuba i-80% yabantu baseCanada bamkela ubufanasini. Uphando olulandelayo lubonisa ukuba uninzi lwabantu baseCanada bayavuma ukuba izibini zesini esinye kufuneka zibe namalungelo alinganayo abazali. Ngo-Epreli ka-2019, iCanada yakhupha i-loonie yesikhumbuzo (ingqekembe yedola enye) ukubhiyozela iminyaka engama-50 yokucalulwa kolwaphulo-mthetho lobufanasini.
Umboniso weLGBT+ eCanada
Njengoko kunjalo kwenye indawo, ubomi be-LGBT+ buthande ukugxila kwizixeko ezikhulu, ngakumbi iToronto, iVancouver (ehlala ireyithwa phakathi kwezona zixeko zibalaseleyo zehlabathi zokuphuma), kunye neMontreal. I-Edmonton kunye neWinnipeg zikwaqhayisa nge-LGBT + imiboniso. Iiparade zokuzingca zenzeka kulo lonke ilizwe lonke ihlobo kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwezopolitiko zengingqi kunye nelizwe; Inkulumbuso uJustin Trudeau waba yintloko yelizwe yokuqala ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiPride Toronto ngo-2016.
Shiya iMpendulo