KUBALULEKILE UKWAZI. IMIBILI YE-LGBTQ YEMBALI: UJAMES BALDWIN
UJames Arthur Baldwin wayengunoveli waseMelika, umbhali wemidlalo yeqonga, umbhali wezincoko, imbongi, kunye nomlweli womzabalazo. Izincoko zakhe, eziqokelelwe kwiNqaku loNyana woMthonyama (1955), ziphonononga ubucukubhede bocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga, ngokwesini, nokwahlulwa ngokwemigangatho kuluntu lwaseNtshona eUnited States phakathi kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini. U-Baldwin wazalwa ngo-1924 eHarlem, apho wakhuliswa khona ngumama wakhe kunye nomshumayeli ongutata wesibini, kwaye kamva waba ngumfundisi omncinci / umshumayeli womntwana kwicawa yePentecostal. Wayishiya i-US eneminyaka engama-24 ukuze azenzele ubomi eParis, ukufumana ubunzima bobuhlanga baseMelika babungenakunyamezeleka. Umsebenzi wakhe wokubhala waqala ukuvela eParis, kwaye inoveli yakhe yesibini, Igumbi likaGiovanni, yaba ngowokuqala ukujongana ngokuthe ngqo nobudlelwane besini esifanayo. Umpapashi wakhe ngelo xesha eKnopf wamxelela:
"...Ndandingu" umbhali we-Negro "kwaye ndafikelela" kubaphulaphuli abathile. Bathi kum: “Ngoko awunako ukubenza bangavisisani abo baphulaphuli. Le ncwadi intsha iya kuwonakalisa umsebenzi wakho ngenxa yokuba awubhali ngezinto ezifanayo kwaye ngendlela owawuyiyo ngaphambili kwaye asizukuyipapasha le ncwadi njengenceba kuwe… Ndiye ndabaxelela, “Fuck you.” “
(Oku kwakungowe-1956!) Kamva, uBaldwin wayishiya iParis, eziva ebophelelekile ukuba abandakanyeke ngakumbi kwintlangano yamalungelo oluntu eUnited States (nangona kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba akazange atyikitye igama elithi ‘intshukumo yamalungelo oluntu,’ elibiza endaweni yoko. ngowe-1979 “imvukelo yamva nje yamakhoboka.”). Wabhala ubuntatheli kunye nezincoko, kuquka nezinde zeencwadi ezifana nezingenakuthelekiswa nanto Umlilo Ngexesha Elilandelayo, efundeka ngokungxamisekileyo namhlanje. Kwakhona wenza ukubonakala esidlangalaleni kwiintetho, udliwano-ndlebe kunye neengxoxo-mpikiswano, ebonisa ubukho bokuthetha kwe-incandescent kunye nesitayela esicacileyo esibeka onke amava akhe epulpiti ukuya kwinjongo eyahlukileyo. Le ngxoxo imfutshane kumboniso kaDick Cavett malunga, ngokusisiseko, "kutheni isoloko iyinto yogqatso" ngumzekelo olungileyo.
U-Baldwin wenze konke oku ngelixa engaphandle kwaye ngokungaguqukiyo engathanga ngqo (nangona wala ukuchonga ngeleyibhile ethile ukuya ekupheleni kobomi bakhe, echaza kudliwano-ndlebe lwakhe lokugqibela, "Igama elithi gay belisoloko lindikhuhla ngendlela engalunganga. Andifuni kuvakala ndikude okanye ndibonisa ububele kuba andiziva njalo, ndivakalelwa kukuba lihlabathi elingenanto yakwenza nam, apho ndikhulele khona. Andizange ndibe sekhaya kuyo. ”) Ukungafihli kwakhe malunga nokuziphatha kwakhe ngokwesini kwakudla ngokuba ngumthombo wonxunguphalo kumahlakani akhe neentshaba ngokufanayo, kodwa ukukhetha ukubandakanya ukuphikisana okubonakala ngathi yiyo yonke into eyayisenza uBaldwin aphawuleke. Unokuba buhlungu kwiimpawu zakhe zenkcubeko kunye nokuqwalaselwa, kodwa unesisa ngokwaneleyo ukubanika; wayecace gca yaye engenaluvelwano ngomonakalo ongakholelekiyo awawubonayo usenziwa kodwa akazange avume ukugxeka phambi kwawo; ubukhulu becala wayigxeka icawa awayekhulele kuyo kodwa ngeendlela ezininzi wabonakalisa eyona migaqo yayo ibalaseleyo ngobomi nangomsebenzi wakhe. Simthanda kakhulu yena nomsebenzi wakhe, kwaye sicinga ukuba zininzi izinto esinokuzifunda kuye!
Shiya iMpendulo