IZIQONGA NGOKUBA: IMINYAKA AMASHUMI AMASHUMI AMAHLANU YEMIBHYOYO YEBHABHA
Imibhiyozo ye-LGBTQ ngowona mbhiyozo udumileyo nobalulekileyo woluntu lwama-gay. Imbali yokuzingca igcwele ixesha eliqaqambileyo kunye nokulwela amalungelo angama-gay. Siyazingca ngokuba yinxalenye yosapho lwethu olukhulu kwaye kweli nqaku sinikezela ukuba ufunde kancinci malunga nembali yokuzingca.
Ekhumbula iminyaka yokuqala yemibhiyozo yeQhayiya ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1970, umfoti uStanley Stellar ukhumbula indlela onke amandla agxininiswe ngayo kwindawo encinci yesitalato iChristopher kwiDolophana yaseNew York City. Ngelo xesha, yayiyindawo enqabileyo apho abantu abathandana nabantu abathandana nabanye abathandanayo babenokuya kuhlangana esidlangalaleni, kwaye iPride parades yayisebenza kwinqanaba lommelwane kakhulu - isikhalo esikude kubantu abaqikelelwa kwizigidi ezihlanu ababezimase umsitho kaJulayi ophelileyo we-World Pride eNew York. IsiXeko, owona mbhiyozo mkhulu we-LGBTQ kwimbali.
"Kwaqala njengento encinci yentlalontle," uStellar, ngoku oneminyaka engama-75, ukhumbula. “Kwakukho abamatshi nabo—imiphefumlo ekhaliphileyo enemiqondiso, njengoMarsha P. Johnson, owasikhuthazayo sonke. Xa abantu besigculela, iinqwelo-mafutha zazidlula zize zisitshicele, zisoloko zisikhwaza, uMarsha wayekho, ekhangeleka egqwethekile yaye ezukile ngenxa yobuhle bakhe, yaye wayedla ngokuthi 'ungakhathali.' Yeyona nto ithethwa ngu-'P', 'ungabakhathaleli, ungabavumeli ukuba basinqande.'”
Lo moya ungathintelekiyo ngoku uphawula isikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-50: umngcelele wokuqala we-Pride wathatha indawo e-US ngo-1970, unyaka emva koqhankqalazo e-Stonewall Inn abaninzi abacinga ukuba yi-catalyst ye-LGBTQ yenkululeko yanamhlanje. Ngonyaka apho iindibano ezinkulu zithintelwa yi-coronavirus kwaye iminyhadala ye-Pride iye yarhoxiswa okanye yamiswa, ngaphezulu kwe-500 Pride kunye ne-LGBTQIA+ imibutho yoluntu evela kumazwe angama-91 iya kuthatha inxaxheba kwi-Global Pride ngoJuni 27. Kodwa, kumashumi eminyaka, i-Pride parades iye yavela. ngendlela ehamba ngaphaya kwenani labathathi-nxaxheba - kwaye, emva kokufota amashumi amahlanu eminyaka exabisa kubo, uStellar uye wabona ukuba indaleko ngokwayo. “Leyo yayiyeyona nto iphambili kwihlabathi lamafanasini,” utsho ngeminyaka yokuqala yeQhayiya.
Uvukelo lwe-Stonewall lwenzeka kuthotho lobusuku ekupheleni kukaJuni 1969. Nangona uluntu lwe-LGBTQ luye lwatyhalela umva ucalucalulo lwamapolisa kwezinye izihlandlo ezincinci ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1960 kwizixeko ezinjengeSan Francisco kunye ne-LA, i-Stonewall inqumle ngendlela engazange ibonwe ngaphambili. indlela.
"Abantu babelungele umsitho onje nge-Stonewall, kwaye babenonxibelelwano kunye nesicwangciso endaweni ukuze baqale ukuthetha kwangoko," utshilo uKatherine McFarland Bruce, umbhali wePride Parades: How a Parade Changed the World. Amaqela amatshantliziyo e-LA naseChicago, nawo abambe iPride Parades ngo-1970, ngoko nangoko enza unxibelelwano nabalingane baseNew York ukucwangcisa iintshukumo malunga nesikhumbuzo. Apho e-LA, umoya wawungaphezulu malunga nokuzonwabisa kunye nokubhiyozela, uBruce uthi, iNew York yayicwangciswe ngakumbi njengesenzo sokudibanisa abagqugquzeli. “Kufuneka siphumele phandle size siyeke ukuba neentloni, kungenjalo abantu baya kuqhubeka besiphatha njengezinto ezingento,” omnye owayekho kumngcelele owawukwisiXeko saseNew York waxelela iNew York Times ngowe-1970. isibhengezo sebhongo lethu elitsha. "
Ngo-1980, i-Pride parades yayiqhubekile kwihlabathi jikelele kwizixeko ezifana neMontreal, London, Mexico City kunye neSydney. Kodwa njengoko ishumi leminyaka laliqhubeka, ithoni yeziganeko yatshintsha, njengoko iintlekele zengxubakaxaka ye-AIDS zaba ngundoqo kwizenzo kunye noqhanqalazo. Ngeli xesha, uStellar wayenesangqa esikhulu sabahlobo be-queer kwaye waqala ukwenza okungakumbi iifoto yoluntu ukuba babhale ubomi babo bemihla ngemihla. “Ngenene bendiziva ngathi ndinetyala kuthi, njengakwiqueer 'thina,' ukuqala nje ukufota ukuba ngubani endimaziyo kwaye endicinga ukuba ufanelwe ukukhunjulwa," utshilo uStellar, onomboniso wedijithali ozayo ophethwe nguKapp Kapp. Igalari, kunye ne-10% yengeniso eya kuxhasa i-Marsha P. Johnson Institute.
KuBruce, Ikratshi libonisa indlela uluntu lwe-LGBTQ oluye lwakwazi ngayo ngokuqhubekayo ukufuna isenzo kunye nokubonakala malunga nemiba yosuku.
Apho ngo-1980, amaqela aququzelelwe malunga nengxaki ye-AIDS, i-1990s yabona ukubonakala kwemidiya enkulu kubantu be-LGBTQ kubomi boluntu, okukhokelela kumashishini amaninzi aqala ukungena kwi-Pride inxaxheba. Ngelixa isikhumbuzo seStonewall kudala sibonelela ngexesha lemisitho yeQhayiya lonyaka, uMongameli uBill Clinton wakhupha isibhengezo kwi-1999 ukuba yonke iJuni iya kuba yiNyanga yeGay kunye neLesbian Pride e-US (uMongameli uBarack Obama wandisa inkcazo ngo-2008, xa wayekhupha isibhengezo. ukuba inyanga kaJuni ikhunjulwe njengeNyanga yokuZingca ngesini esifana nesini, iGay, iBisexual kunye neTransgender Pride.)
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-2000 kwabakho ukhankaso olukhulu lwe umtshato wesini esifanayo. Ngexesha lasehlotyeni lika-2010, uBruce wenza uphando lwexesha lencwadi yakhe, esiya kwiindibano ezintandathu ezahlukeneyo zePride kulo lonke elase-US, kubandakanya neSan Diego, ikhaya lelona qela likhulu lamajoni esizwe, apho iphulo laligxile ekurhoxiseni “ buza, ungaxeleli” umgaqo-nkqubo. "Ndicinga ukuba i-Pride isithuthi samaqela e-LGBT ukwenza imiba yosuku iviwe kuluntu lwabo kunye noluntu ngokubanzi oluhlala kuyo," uBruce ubonisa - wongezelela ukuba kwiminyaka yamuva, amaphulo obulungisa bobuhlanga kunye ne-transgender. amalungelo aye abalasela ngakumbi.
Nangona oku kungabikho sikweni kuye kwaphakama ukuya phambili ekuqondeni koluntu, imiba eliqela ye-Pride parades ethathe ixesha elide iphantsi koqwalaselo olukhulu - ukubuyisela iQhayiya, ngandlel' ithile, kwimvelaphi yalo eqhutywa luqhanqalazo.
Abanye abaphembeleli be-LBGTQ nabaququzeleli basekuhlaleni bakugxekile ukudityaniswa kwe-Pride, njengoko imingcelele ijonge kumashishini ngenkxaso-mali yokunceda kwiimfuno zemali zezihlwele ezikhula ngokukhawuleza. Abanye bayathandabuza ukuba kukho isenzo esinzulu esibangela umnyama iiflegi. “Kwenzeka ntoni nge-1 kaJulayi xa abantu abadala bethu bengafumani zindlu, kwaye abantwana bekhutshelwa ngaphandle kwamakhaya abo, kwaye bobabini abasetyhini kunye nabasetyhini be-cis babulawa esitratweni? Ngaba loo mnyama uthetha into engama-365 enyakeni,” u-Ellen Broidy, ilungu leGay Liberation Front kunye nomseki we-Gay Pride yokuqala yonyaka ka-1970.
Abatshayeli baseNew York naseSan Francisco baqalise eyabo imida ehlukeneyo yokuqhanqalaza amapolisa kunye nokubandakanyeka kwenkampani kwimidaniso esekiweyo, enikwa amanqanaba embali kunye nexesha langoku lokungalungelelani kobupolisa kuluntu oluNtsundu kunye noluntu olungekho mthethweni. Kwaye, ukuphendula ukungabikho kwentlukwano kwiziganeko ezinkulu zokuzingca, abaququzeleli baye baqala iziganeko zokudala indawo ekhuselekileyo yokungahoyeki phakathi koluntu lwe-LGBTQ. E-UK, inkxaso iye yanda kwi-UK Black Pride, eyaqala ngo-2005 njengendibano encinane eququzelelwa ngabasetyhini abathandanayo abaMnyama ukuba bahlangane kunye babelane ngamava. Lo msitho ngoku ngowona mbhiyozo mkhulu waseYurophu kubantu be-LGBTQ baseAfrika, eAsia, eCaribbean, kuMbindi Mpuma nakwiLatin America, kwaye ayinxulumananga neQhayiya eLondon, ekhe yagxekwa ngaphambili ngenxa yokunqongophala kwayo kweyantlukwano.
Kwabanye, ukuhlala kwindawo apho ubungqingili bubeka emngciphekweni ubundlobongela obugunyaziswe ngurhulumente kunye nokufa, iziganeko ze-Pride zenza umsebenzi ofana nowabonwa kwiindawo ezifana neNew York ngeminyaka yoo-1970, njengeyona ndlela ibalulekileyo yokuphila. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje abantu baseSwatini, eTrinidad naseTobago, naseNepal baququzelela ukubamba imiboniso yabo yokuqala ye-Pride. Itshantliziyo uKasha Jacqueline Nabageser waququzelela umbhiyozo wokuqala we-Pride e-Uganda ngo-2012, emva kokuqaphela ukuba wayekhe waya kwii-Prides ezininzi kwihlabathi jikelele kodwa akazange abe kwilizwe lakhe, apho imithetho ekudala ishiywe kwixesha lobukoloniyali yenza ukuba izenzo zesini esifanayo zibe lulwaphulo-mthetho. “Kum, yayilixesha lokudibanisa uluntu, ukuze bazi ukuba abakho bodwa, naphi na apho bazimele khona,” utshilo uNabageser, esongeza ngelithi abantu abanokuba bebengaziboni bengamatsha ntliziyo eLGBTQ beze kulo msitho. waza kamva wangena ekuthetheleleni amalungelo amafanasini elizweni. Ubuncinci abantu abayi-180 babonise umsitho wokuqala kwisixeko sase-Entebbe, kwaye ngelixa urhulumente wase-Uganda ezamile ukuvala imibhiyozo ye-Pride eyalandelayo, uNabageser ubona impindezelo njengophawu lwamandla oluntu ekubonakaleni kwayo.
“Okukhona [urhulumente] esinqanda, kokukhona esenza uluntu lube nomsindo ngakumbi, kwaye lulangazelela iQhayiya. Kuthi ibiluloyiso,” utshilo, esongeza ukuba uluntu luphumelele cwangciso iindlela zokubhiyozela ngokukhuselekileyo kumaqela amancinci phakathi kobhubhani we-coronavirus. Ngandlela-thile, siya kuba neQhayiya, kwaye kufuneka siqhubeke nomlo.
Shiya iMpendulo