UMLANDO WENYANGA YOKUZIQHOSHA USHO OKUNINGI EMIGUBHENI NAMUHLA
Ilanga akulona lodwa eliphuma ngoJuni. Uthingo amafulegi futhi qala ukuvela emafasiteleni ehhovisi lebhizinisi, izitolo zekhofi, kanye negceke langaphambili likamakhelwane wakho. UJuni bekuyinyanga engekho emthethweni yokubungaza amashumi eminyaka. Yize umsuka weNyanga yokuziqhenya usukela ngeminyaka yawo-'50s, uMongameli uBill Clinton uyenza ngokusemthethweni ukuthi "Inyanga Yokuzigqaja Ngezitabane Nezitabane" ngo-2000. UMongameli u-Barack Obama wayenza yabandakanya kakhulu ngo-2011, wayibiza ngeLesbian, Gay, Bisexual, kanye neTransgender Pride. Inyanga. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyibiza ngani, Inyanga Yokuziqhenya inomlando ocebile owazisa ukuthi igcinwa kanjani namuhla.
Ukuziqhenya Kuhlonipha Imibhikisho Yamalungelo Izitabane Yama-'60s
Uma bebuzwa ukuthi kwaqala nini ukunyakaza kwamalungelo ezitabane kuleli zwe, abantu bavame ukukhomba kuJuni 28, 1969: ubusuku beStonewall Riots. Kepha uCaitlin McCarthy, umgcini womlando weThe Center, isikhungo somphakathi se-LGBTQ eNew York City, uchaza ukuthi udweshu lwaseStonewall lwalungezinye eziningi. "Izibhelu eziholwa yi-QTPOC njengalezo zase-Stonewall nase-The Haven eNew York, i-Cooper Donuts kanye ne-Black Cat Tavern e-LA, kanye ne-Compton's Cafeteria e-San Francisco konke bekuyizimpendulo zokuhlukunyezwa kwamaphoyisa nesihluku," kusho uMcCarthy.
I-Pride March yokuqala - i-rally e-NYC ngoMgqibelo wokugcina ngoJuni - yabizwa ngokuthi i-Christopher Street Liberation Day ukuhlonipha isiphithiphithi se-Stonewall. (UChristopher Street uyikhaya elingokoqobo le-Stonewall Inn.) “IKomidi loSuku lweNkululeko likaChristopher Street lasungulwa ukuze likhumbule unyaka owodwa wokuvukela kwe-Stonewall ngoJuni 1969 ngemashi evela eWest Village elandelwa 'yizitabane ezi- ngokuhlangana eCentral Park,” kusho uMcCarthy. Lokhu kwasiza ukuqinisa uSton
I-Pride March yokuqala - i-rally e-NYC ngoMgqibelo wokugcina ngoJuni - yabizwa ngokuthi i-Christopher Street Liberation Day ukuhlonipha isiphithiphithi se-Stonewall. (UChristopher Street uyikhaya elingokoqobo le-Stonewall Inn.) “IKomidi loSuku lweNkululeko likaChristopher Street lasungulwa ukuze likhumbule unyaka owodwa wokuvukela kwe-Stonewall ngoJuni 1969 ngemashi evela eWest Village elandelwa 'yizitabane ezi- ngokuhlangana eCentral Park,” kusho uMcCarthy. Lokhu kusize ukuqinisa i-Stonewall njengesisekelo esihlonishwa kakhulu ngokwesiko se-Pride.
I-Trans & Gender Abantu Abangavumelani Nemibala Baqala Ukuziqhenya
Abantu abaningi bayazazi izishoshovu zoguquko zikaMarsha P. Johnson kanye noSylvia Rivera, kusho uMcCarthy. UJohnson kanye noRivera basungule i-STAR, i-Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries, ehlele izenzo eziqondile njengokuhlala kanye nokuhlinzeka ngokukhosela kwabathengisa ngocansi kanye nentsha ye-LGBTQ engenamakhaya. Zombili lezi zishoshovu zazingamalungu eqembu elimelene nonxiwankulu, iGay Liberation Front (GLF), eyayihlela amamashi, inemidanso yokuqoqa imali yokusiza labo abaswele, yaphinde yanyathelisa iphephandaba lezitabane elithi, Come Out!.
UMcCarthy utshele uBustle ukuthi izelamani zikaJohnson kanye noRivera ezingaziwayo kangako (kodwa ezingabalulekile kangako) zihlanganisa uZazu Nova, ilungu le-GLF kanye ne-STAR; UStormé Delarverie, inkosi yokudonsa kanye no-emcee wenkampani yokuvakasha egxile ekuhuduleni i-Jewel Box Revue; kanye no-Lani Ka'ahumanu, owasungula i-Bay Area Bisexual Network.
I-"Gay Pride" yathatha indawo ka-"Gay Power" Ngawo-1970s
Ngokwendatshana yango-2006 eyashicilelwa kujenali i-American Sociological Review, “amandla ezitabane” kwakuyisiqubulo esivamile esisetshenziswa ezincwadini eziwubuqaba kanye nemibhikisho ngeminyaka yawo-'60s nasekuqaleni kwawo-'70s. Amaqembu amaningi endawo asuka ku-Black Power kanye nokuhlela ama-radical queer akwazi ukuhlangana amelane nesihluku samaphoyisa ngawo-'70s. Lokhu kubambisana kwenza ukusetshenziswa "kwamandla gay" ngalesi sikhathi mhlawumbe kungamangalisi.
"Ukuhlela okuqinile, okuthonywe futhi ngekhonsathi nenhlangano emelene nokucwasa nokulwa nempi, kwalandela [i-Stonewall]," kusho uMcCarthy. "Imibhikisho, ukuhlalisana kanye nezenzo eziqondile ezenziwa futhi ezibambe iqhaza ezingxoxweni zakuqala ezilwela inkululeko njengeGay Liberation Front, iStreet Transvestite Action Revolutionaries, iDyketactics kanye neCombahee River Collective ifune uguquko olunqala phezu kwengcindezelo eqhubekayo."
INational Historic Landmark Ukuqokwa kwe-Stonewall Inn, eyakhiwe ngo-1999 eMnyangweni we-United States Ingaphakathi, futhi waphawula ukuthi "amandla gay" asetshenziswa esikhundleni sokuthi "ukuziqhenya kwezitabane" kuzilungiselelo eziningi. Nakuba isishoshovu u-Craig Schoonmaker evame ukutuswa ngokuthi wandisa inkulumo ethi “ukuziqhenya kwezitabane” (ngokungafani namandla) ngo-1970, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi umbono wakhe wokuhlela wawungabandakanyi abantu abathandana nabanye besifazane. Namuhla, "ukuziqhenya" kusetshenziswa njengesifinyezo sokubhekisela emikhosini ye-LGBTQ nemibhikisho ngokufanayo.
Ibukeka Injani Inyanga Yokuziqhenya Namuhla
Ngaphandle kwalezi zimpande eziqinile, izibuko zelanga ze-Pride ezixhaswe yinkampani kanye namalogo enkampani afafazwe ngothingo lwesikhashana kuyizimpawu eziphawulekayo zezinyanga zesimanje zokuziqhenya. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi izinkampani ezinkulu zixhasa amamashi e-Pride angenanhlonipho emlandweni we-Pride. Uma sikhuluma nje: Umbhikisho weStonewall abantu abaningi abawucaphuna njengemvelaphi yePride wawuyimpendulo eqondile ekugaseleni kwamaphoyisa kanye nesihluku, kodwa imashi yePride namuhla ijwayele ukuphelezelwa ngabaphelezeli bamaphoyisa. Ngenxa yemibhikisho yango-2020 ye-Black Lives Matter, izinhlangano ze-Pride zicubungula kabusha izikhundla zazo emaphoyiseni e-Pride, ezinye zithatha isinqumo sokuvimba amaphoyisa ukuthi amashe e-Pride kuze kube yilapho izidingo ezithile zokuguqulwa kobulungiswa bezinhlanga ziyahlangatshezwa.
Abantu abaningi be-LGBTQ+ baqaphela ukuthi inyanga eyodwa yokubonakala kwezingu-12 ayanele ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokulingana kwabantu abangajwayelekile, kuyilapho abanye bephikisa ngokuthi ngisho nenyanga yamafulege othingo andiza kuThagethi yasendaweni yangakini ingcono kunokuthula. (Abasunguli abanohlonze benhlangano ye-Pride cishe bebengeke bakuvumele ukuthula, nabo.) Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyibungaza kanjani i-Pride, ukwazi umlando wayo kungakunikeza ulwazi olugcwele lwenyanga — kanye nokwazisa okujulile kokuthi kwenziwe kanjani kwaba nokwenzeka. .
shiya impendulo