PHEZULU KWAMAZWE ANOBUngane be-LGBTQ ABANGAPHEZULU KWE-EXPATS
Uma ufuna ukuya endaweni ethile uwedwa noma nozakwenu noma ngisho ukuthuthela, cishe ungathanda ukwazi lapho kulula ukuthola LGBTQ full Uhlelo ukuzijabulisa futhi lapho kuyoba londoloza futhi friendly. Kulesi sihloko sizokwethula phezulu kwamazwe e-LGBTQ anobungane kakhulu kwabangaphandle.
Belgium
Amalungelo e-LGBT+ e-Belgium aphakathi kwamazwe athuthuka kakhulu emhlabeni; izwe likleliswe endaweni yesibili kuhlelo lwango-2019 lwe-ILGA's Rainbow Europe Index. Ukulalana kwabantu bobulili obufanayo bekusemthethweni kusukela ngo-1795, lapho izwe liyindawo yaseFrance. Ukucwasa ngesisekelo sokuthambekela kwezocansi bekunqatshelwe kusukela ngo-2003, unyaka iBelgium eyagunyazwa ngawo. umshado wobulili obufanayo. Imibhangqwana ijabulela amalungelo afanayo nalawo abobulili obuhlukile; bangamukela, futhi ongqingili bayakwazi ukufinyelela ku-in vitro fertilization. Imishado yabantu bobulili obufanayo yenza u-2.5% wayo yonke imishado eBelgium.
Abakwa-Expats bangashada eBelgium uma umlingani oyedwa ehlala lapho okungenani izinyanga ezintathu. Kusengenzeka futhi kubantu okungebona abe-EU/EEA abagunyazwe ukuhlala e-Belgium baxhase ozakwabo nge-visa yaseBelgium yokuhlanganisa umndeni.
Amalungelo e-Transgender athuthuke kakhulu e-Belgium, lapho abantu bangashintsha ubulili babo obusemthethweni ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa. Nokho, i-ILGA incoma ukuthi kwenziwe umsebenzi omningi ngokuphathelene nabantu bobulili obuhlukile; IBelgium kusamele ivimbe ukungenelela kwezokwelapha okungadingekile njengokwenza ukuhlinzwa kokunquma ucansi ezinganeni. Umthetho wobugebengu obunenzondo kubantu abathandana nabobulili obuhlukile kanye nobulili obuhlukile usazophasiswa. Ubulili besithathu emibhalweni yomthetho abukathulwa.
Ngokuvamile, iBelgium ikhombisa izinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokwamukelwa kobungqingili. I-Eurobarometer ka-2015 ithole ukuthi i-77% yabantu baseBelgium bacabanga ukuthi umshado wobulili obufanayo kufanele uvunyelwe kulo lonke elaseYurophu, kuyilapho u-20% engavumelani.
Isigcawu esinobungani be-LGBT eBelgium
I-Belgium inesigcawu se-LGBT+ esikhulu nesithuthukiswe kahle esibhekelela ukuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene kokuma nokuthandwayo. I-Antwerp (I-Antwerpen) yayinomphakathi okhaliphile futhi ocabanga phambili, kodwa iBrussels isichithile isithombe sayo sonxiwa eminyakeni yamuva. Bruges (Brugge), Ghent (I-Gent), uLiège, no-Ostend (Oostende) bonke banempilo yasebusuku yezitabane. UMeyi ngokuvamile uyiNyanga yokuziqhenya kuwo wonke uMbuso, kanti iBrussels isingatha umbukiso omkhulu kunayo yonke.
Spain
Zibone ngeso lengqondo ungqongqoza emuva nomyeni wakho ethafeni laseMadrid? Ukukhula kwamaqembu ezepolitiki amelene ne-LGBT noma kunjalo, iSpain ingenye yezindawo ezikhululekile ngokwesiko kubantu abayizitabane. Umshado wobulili obufanayo eSpain ubusemthethweni kusukela ngo-2005. Izincwadi zeSpanishi, umculo, nesinema ivamise ukuhlola amatimu e-LGBT+. Ukusuka e-Madrid kuya e-Gran Canaria, izwe linendawo ehlukahlukene nesamukelayo yawo wonke amalungu omphakathi we-queer. Imibhangqwana yobulili obufanayo ehlala eSpain inamalungelo amaningana angokomthetho lapho ibhalisa ubudlelwano bayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukutholwa, ukuqashelwa komzali okuzenzakalelayo ezitifiketini zokuzalwa, intela yefa, amalungelo empesheni yabasindile, ukuqashelwa ngezinjongo zokuthuthela kwelinye izwe, ukuphathwa ngokulinganayo ngezinjongo zentela - okuhlanganisa intela yefa - nokuvikelwa odlameni lwasekhaya. ISpain ikleliswe endaweni ye-11 eYurophu ngamalungelo abantu bobulili obufanayo ngo-2019, ngokulingana okugcwele cishe ngama-60%.
Kusukela ngo-2007, abantu bakwazile ukushintsha ubulili babo e-Spain, futhi izwe lingelinye lamazwe asekela kakhulu amalungelo okushintshashintsha. Ngo-2018, isishoshovu se-LGBT+ esineminyaka engu-27 u-Angela Ponce waba ngowesifazane wokuqala oshintshe ubulili ukuncintisana emqhudelwaneni kaMiss Universe, lapho athola khona ukuhalalisela.
Imicimbi ye-LGBT+ e-Spain
Ezweni lamaKatolika, iSpain inobungani be-LGBT ngokwedlulele. Cishe u-90% wabantu abamukela ubutabane, ngokusho kocwaningo lokugcina lwePew Research. Ngo-2006, uSitges wembula itshe lesikhumbuzo lokuqala le-LGBT+ lezwe lokukhumbula umkhankaso wamaphoyisa ngo-1996 ehlasela amadoda ayizitabane olwandle ebusuku.
Abase Netherlands
Njengezwe lokuqala ukwenza ngokusemthethweni umshado wobulili obufanayo ngo-2001, iNetherlands inokuxhumana okungokomzwelo nabantu be-LGBT+. I-Netherlands yasusa ubungqingili ngo-1811; ibha yokuqala yezitabane yavulwa e-Amsterdam ngo-1927; futhi ngo-1987, i-Amsterdam yembula i-Homomonument, isikhumbuzo sezitabane kanye nama-lesbians abulawa amaNazi. Izibopho zenkolo zemishado yabantu bobulili obufanayo zenziwe kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1960. Umshado womphakathi izikhulu ayikwazi ukwenqaba imibhangqwana yobulili obufanayo. Umshado wobulili obufanayo awunakwenzeka e-Aruba, eCuraçao, nase-Sint Maarten, nokho.
Abakwa-Expats bangaxhasa ozakwethu babo. Kufanele babonise ubudlelwano obukhethekile, imali eyanele, futhi baphumelele ukuhlolwa kokuhlanganisa. Imibhangqwana yobulili obufanayo ingathatha noma isebenzise izinsizakalo zokutholwa. Ukubandlululwa kokuziphatha ngokobulili emsebenzini nasezindlini akukho emthethweni. Imibhangqwana yobulili obufanayo ijabulela amalungelo alinganayo entela kanye namafa.
Izingane zingashintsha ubulili bazo. Abantu abadala abangama-Trans bangakwazi ukuzibona ngaphandle kwesitatimende sikadokotela. Izizwe zase-Dutch zingafaka izicelo zamaphasipoti angathathi hlangothi ngobulili. Izishoshovu zithi kuningi okumele kwenziwe mayelana namalungelo abantu bobulili obuhlukile.
U-74% wabantu unombono omuhle ngobungqingili kanye nobulili obubili. Ama-57% anethemba ngabantu abashintsha ubulili kanye nokuhlukahluka kobulili, ngokusho kocwaningo lwango-2017 olwenziwa yi-Netherlands Institute for Social Research. Nakuba iyizwe elinobungane be-LGBT, i-Netherlands iqhuba kabi kakhulu kunomakhelwane bayo mayelana nobugebengu obunenzondo nenkulumo kanye nokwelashwa kokuguqula kuhlala kusemthethweni. I-flatlands ikleliswe endaweni ye-12 e-Europe ngamalungelo abantu bobulili obufanayo ngo-2019. Imibhangqwana yobulili obufanayo ijabulela ingxenye yamalungelo abantu abathandana nobulili obuhlukile abanawo.
Imicimbi ye-LGBT+ e-Netherlands
Inhloko-dolobha yase-Dutch, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-gayway to Europe, inesiko le-LGBT+ elinempilo futhi linikeza zonke izinkanuko nezithixo. Indawo yezitabane idlulela ngale kwe-Amsterdam, nokho, inezindawo zokucima ukoma, ama-saunas, namasinema emadolobheni amaningana amaDashi, okuhlanganisa neRotterdam, The Hague (I-Den Haag), Amersfoort, Enschede, kanye neGroningen. Amadolobha amaningi abuye abe nemicimbi yawo yokuziqhenya, ehambisana nokuzibandakanya kosopolitiki bendawo. I-Pride Amsterdam, nombukiso wayo womsele, iyona enkulu kunazo zonke, futhi iheha abantu abangaba ngu-350,000 njalo ngo-August. Amaqembu okusekela e-LGBT+ yama-Dutch anenethiwekhi yezwe lonke; kukhona nezinhlangano ezithile ezeseka ababaleki.
Malta
I-Valletta ayikhumbuli ngokushesha engqondweni uma ucabanga ngezihloko zezwe ezingongqingili, kodwa iMalta encane iqhwakele ku-Europe Rainbow Index iminyaka emine ilandelana. I-Malta ihlula amanye amazwe angu-48 ngamaphuzu angu-90% uma ibalwa kuzinqubomgomo zobungane ze-LGBT nokwamukela indlela yokuphila.
I-Malta ingelinye lamazwe ambalwa umthethosisekelo walo ovimbela ukucwaswa ngezizathu zakho kokubili ukukhetha ubulili kanye nobunikazi bobulili, kuhlanganise nasemsebenzini. Umshado wobulili obufanayo ubusemthethweni kusukela ngo-2017 futhi azikho izidingo zokuhlala eziphansi; I-Malta ilungele umshado wendawo ngenxa yalokho. Abantu abangashadile nabashadile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bathambekele kuphi kwezocansi, bajabulela amalungelo okutholwa, futhi ongqingili bangase bathole ukwelashwa kwe-in vitro fertilization. Ongqingili nabo bakhonza obala kwezempi. Izitabane nokho zivinjelwe ukunikela ngegazi.
Amalungelo e-Transgender kanye ne-intersex aphakathi kwanamandla emhlabeni. Abantu bangashintsha ubulili babo ngokusemthethweni ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa.
Izimo zengqondo zomphakathi kumphakathi we-LGBT+ zishintshe kakhulu kule minyaka eyishumi edlule. I-Eurobarometer ka-2016 ibike ukuthi i-65% yabantu baseMalta babethanda umshado wobulili obufanayo; lokhu kube ukweqa okubalulekile kusuka ku-18% ngo-2006.
Imicimbi ye-LGBT+ eMalta
Naphezu kokuba nohulumeni onobungane be-LGBT, indawo ye-LGBT+ ayithuthukisiwe kahle e-Malta njengoba kwenzeka kwamanye amazwe ase-Europe, anezindawo zokungcebeleka ezimbalwa ezizinikele namakhefi. Noma kunjalo, iningi lezindawo zokudlela zasebusuku namabhishi anobungane be-LGBT futhi amukela umphakathi. I-pride parade e-Valletta njalo ngoSepthemba iyindawo ekhangayo yezivakashi, imvamisa kuba khona osopolitiki bendawo.
E-New Zealand
Ngokuvamile kuvotelwa enye yezindawo ezihamba phambili zokuthi ungowangaphandle, i-New Zealand ethuthukayo nayo inerekhodi elihle kumalungelo e-LGBT+. Umthethosisekelo waseNew Zealand unobungani be-LGBT, unikeza izivikelo ezimbalwa ezisekelwe ekukhetheni ubulili. Umshado wobulili obufanayo ubusemthethweni kusukela ngo-2013. Imibhangqwana engashadile yanoma ibuphi ubulili ingase ibe nezingane ngokuhlanganyela. Amalesbians ayakwazi ukufinyelela ekwelashweni kwe-in vitro fertilization.
I-New Zealand futhi iyabubona ubudlelwano obushadileyo noma obungekho emthethweni bemibhangqwana ephuma kwamanye amazwe, noma ngabe ithanda ubulili obuhlukile noma obufanayo. I-expat ingase ixhase uzakwethu, kodwa kufanele okungenani ibe nendawo yokuhlala unomphela. Izakhamizi zase-Australia noma izakhamuzi zaphakade zingakwazi ukuxhasa i-visa yozakwethu.
Umthetho awucaci kahle ngamalungelo e-transgender, nokho. Ukucwasa ngezizathu zokuthi ungubani ubulili akunqatshelwe ngokusobala. Abantu bangashintsha ubulili babo ezincwadini zabo zokushayela noma epasipoti ngesimemezelo esisemthethweni; nokho-ke, ukwenza okufanayo esitifiketini sokuzalwa kudinga ubufakazi bokwelashwa maqondana noguquko. Kusukela ngoMashi 2019, umthethosivivinywa ovumela ukuzichaza ubambezelekile kusalindwe ukubonisana nomphakathi.
Umlando weNew Zealand wokubekezelelana ubuyela emuva ezikhathini zangaphambi kobukoloniyali baseMāori, nakuba ukwenziwa kwamakoloni kwaseBrithani kwaholela emithethweni emelene nobusodomi. Izwe lasusa ubungqingili phakathi kwabesilisa ngo-1986; ukwenza izitabane akukaze kube ubugebengu eNew Zealand. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kube namalungu amaningi ephalamende angongqingili nabazigqajayo. Bangaphezu kuka-75% abantu baseNew Zealand abamukela ubungqingili.
Imithetho yaseNew Zealand emelene nokucwasa kanye nokushada kwabantu bobulili obufanayo akudluleli endaweni yayo, nokho.
I-LGBT enobungani eNew Zealand
I-New Zealand inesigcawu esilinganiselwe esinabela ezweni lonke. I-Wellington ne-Auckland ziziqhayisa ngenani elikhulu kunawo wonke lamabha namakilabhu ezitabane, kodwa izakhamuzi ze-LGBT+ eTauranga, Christchurch, Dunedin, naseHamilton nazo ziqinisekisiwe ubusuku obuhle bokuphuma. Imibukiso yokuziqhenya ihlelwe kusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-XNUMX, futhi namuhla kunemicimbi okungenani emikhulu eyisithupha unyaka ngamunye.
i-Hong Kong
Ukuqashelwa kwama-visa omshado ka-2018 kwabashadile bobulili obufanayo yiNkantolo Yokudluliswa Kwamacala Kokugcina kwaphakamisa amathemba abaphuma kwamanye amazwe abafuna ukuthuthela endaweni yezimali yase-Asia. Ubungqingili ngokwabo busemthethweni kusukela ngo-1991; Nokho, umthetho wendawo awuwuboni umshado wobulili obufanayo noma ubudlelwano bomphakathi. Lokhu kungase kushintshe kulandela isivumelwano seNkantolo eNkulu yaseHong Kong sikaJanuwari 2019 sokulalela izinselelo ezimbili ezihlukene mayelana nokuvinjelwa kwendawo umshado wobulili obufanayo. NgoMeyi 2019, umfundisi wendawo naye wasusa iNkantolo Ephakeme, ethi ukuvinjelwa kuphazamisa inkululeko yebandla lakhe yokukhulekela.
Imithetho emelene nokucwasa nayo ayinawo amandla. Nakuba abantu be-LGBT+ bengase bangavinjwa ngokomthetho ekufinyeleleni kwabo izinsiza zikahulumeni, abakhankasi bathi ukucwasa kugcwele yonke indawo. Abantu abathandanayo bobulili obufanayo abakwazi ukufaka izicelo zezindlu zomphakathi noma bajabulele izinzuzo zempesheni zophathina babo. Noma kunjalo, imibhangqwana yobulili obufanayo ehlala ndawonye ijabulela ukuvikelwa okuthile ngaphansi kwemithetho yendawo yodlame lwasekhaya.
Abantu abashintsha ubulili kungenzeka bangashintshi imibhalo esemthethweni ukuze babonise ubunikazi babo ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa okuqinisekisa ubulili, ngokwesinqumo sangoFebhuwari 2019.
Ukwamukelwa komphakathi kukhule njengoba indawo isithande ukuba ne-LGBT eminyakeni yakamuva. Kunhlolovo ka-2013 eyenziwa yiNyuvesi yaseHong Kong, u-33.3% wabaphenduli basekela umshado wobulili obufanayo, kwathi u-43% waphikisana. Ngonyaka olandelayo, inhlolovo efanayo yaba nemiphumela efanayo, nakuba u-74% wabaphenduli bavuma ukuthi imibhangqwana yobulili obufanayo kufanele ibe namalungelo afanayo noma athile ajatshulelwa izithandani ezinobulili obuhlukile. Ngo-2017, ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi u-50.4% wabaphenduli basekela umshado wobulili obufanayo.
Isigcawu se-LGBT+ e-Hong Kong
I-Expat-heavy Hong Kong ine-LGBT+ subculture ezethembayo nephumelelayo. Leli dolobha liyikhaya lombukiso waminyaka yonke wokuziqhenya. Kukhona nezinhlobonhlobo zezindawo zokucima ukoma, amakilabhu, nama-saunas ezitabane; lokhu kungenzeka kungenxa yengcindezi yezenhlalo ukuthi ihambisane namamodeli wendabuko we-heteronormative. Amafilimu endawo kanye nemikhiqizo kamabonakude ivamise ukuhlola izindikimba eziyinqaba; eziningana abajabulisa baye baphuma ngisho naseminyakeni yamuva, ngokuvamile ukuze bamukeleke kakhulu. I-Hong Kong Pride iba njalo ngoNovemba futhi iheha abantu abalinganiselwa ku-10,000.
Argentina
Isibani sase-Latin America samalungelo e-LGBT+, umlando ongajwayelekile wase-Argentina ubuyela emuva kubantu bomdabu base-Mapuche nabama-Guaraní. Lawa maqembu awazange amukele ubulili besithathu kuphela, kodwa futhi aphatha abantu besilisa, abesifazane, abashintsha ubulili, kanye nabantu bobulili obuhlukile njengabalinganayo. Njengezwe elinobungani be-LGBT, i-Argentina ibe nesigcawu esiphumelelayo se-LGBT+ selokhu yabuyela kuntando yeningi ngo-1983. Ngo-2010, yaba izwe lokuqala eLatin America kanye neleshumi emhlabeni ukugunyaza umshado wobulili obufanayo, okuyingqophamlando kumKatolika. izwe noma kuphi. Umthetho uvumela imibhangqwana yobulili obufanayo ukuthi ithathe izingane, futhi imibhangqwana yongqingili inokufinyelela okulinganayo ekwelashweni kwe-in vitro fertilization. Amajele avumela ukuvakashelwa kwezitabane. Abavakashi bobulili obufanayo kanye nabavakashi nabo bangashada e-Argentina; nokho, leyo mishado ayiqashelwa lapho imishado enjalo ihlala ingekho emthethweni.
Amalungelo e-Transgender e-Argentina aphakathi kwamazwe athuthuke kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Ngenxa yoMthetho Wobunikazi Bobulili wango-2012, abantu bangashintsha ubulili babo ngaphandle kokubhekana nokungenelela kwezokwelapha.
Sekukonke, umphakathi usekela kakhulu umphakathi we-LGBT+. I-Argentina ibe nezimo zengqondo ezinhle kakhulu kuwo wonke amazwe ase-Latin America ku-2013 Global Attitudes Survey ye-Pew Research Center, lapho u-74% walabo abahlolwa bethi ubutabane kufanele bamukelwe.
I-LGBT enobungani yase-Argentina
I-Buenos Aires inhloko-dolobha yezitabane zase-Argentina. Bekuyindawo yezivakashi ye-LGBT+ kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-2000, kanye nefestivali yayo ye-Queer Tango phakathi kwezithombe ezinhle kakhulu. Izindawo ezitholakala kalula njengePalermo Viejo kanye neSan Telmo ziziqhayisa ngezindawo ezimbalwa ezilungele izitabane. Nokho, lesi sigameko sidlulela eRosario, eCórdoba, eMar del Plata, naseMendoza enkabeni yezwe lewayini lase-Argentina.
Canada
Ngezinqubomgomo zayo zenkululeko kanye nezimo zengqondo zokwamukela abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe, iCanada kudala iheha abantu be-LGBT+ abavela phesheya. Izinga eliphezulu lempilo nezinsiza zezempilo ziyibhonasi.
Kusukela ngo-1982, i-Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms iqinisekise amalungelo abantu ayisisekelo emphakathini we-LGBT+. Ukushada kwabantu bobulili obufanayo bekusemthethweni kusukela ngo-2005 (yize imishado yokuqala emhlabeni wonke yathatha indawo eToronto ngo-2001). Imibhangqwana yobulili obufanayo ingakwazi ukutholwa izingane futhi ikwazi ukufinyelela ku-surrogacy. Bazophinde bajabulele izinzuzo ezilinganayo zezenhlalakahle nezentela, ezihlanganisa lezo eziphathelene nezimpesheni, ukuvikeleka kwabadala, nokuvikelwa kokuthi ucwile.
Abantu bakwaTrans bangashintsha amagama abo kanye nobulili obusemthethweni ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa; labo abakhetha ukuhlinzwa bangasebenzisa usizo lwezempilo lukahulumeni. Kusukela ngo-2017, abantu abanobunikazi obungeyona kanambambili bangaphawula lokhu kuma-passport abo.
Isimo sengqondo somphakathi kubantu be-LGBT+ siyathuthuka, ngocwaningo lwe-Pew lwango-2013 oluphawula ukuthi u-80% wabantu baseCanada bamukela ubungqingili. Ukuvota okwalandela kubonisa ukuthi iningi labantu baseCanada liyavuma ukuthi imibhangqwana yobulili obufanayo kufanele ibe namalungelo alinganayo abazali. Ngo-Ephreli 2019, iCanada yakhipha i-loonie yesikhumbuzo (uhlamvu lwemali lwedola elilodwa) ukugubha iminyaka engama-50 yokuhoxiswa kobungqingili ngokwengxenye.
Isigcawu se-LGBT+ e-Canada
Njengoba kwenzeka kwezinye izindawo, impilo ye-LGBT+ ijwayele ukugxila emadolobheni amakhulu, ikakhulukazi i-Toronto, i-Vancouver (ivame ukulinganisa phakathi kwamadolobha ahamba phambili emhlabeni okuphuma kwamanye amazwe), kanye ne-Montreal. I-Edmonton neWinnipeg nazo ziziqhayisa ngezigcawu ze-LGBT+. Imibukiso yokuziqhenya yenzeka ezweni lonke ehlobo ngalinye ngokubamba iqhaza kosopolitiki besifunda nezwe; UNdunankulu uJustin Trudeau waba yinhloko kahulumeni wokuqala wezwe ukubamba iqhaza ePride Toronto ngo-2016.
shiya impendulo