SIZIQHOVASE NGOKUBA: IMINYAKA AMASHUMI AMASHUMI AMASHUMI AMASHUMI AYISIZIQHOSHA
I-LGBTQ parades iwumkhosi odume kakhulu nobalulekile womphakathi wezitabane. Umlando wokuziqhenya ugcwele izikhathi ezikhanyayo nokulwela amalungelo angama-gay. Siyaziqhenya ngokuba yingxenye yomndeni wethu omkhulu futhi kulesi sihloko sikunikeza ukuthi ufunde okwengeziwe ngomlando wokuziqhenya.
Ekhumbula iminyaka yokuqala yemikhosi ye-Pride ekuqaleni kwawo-1970, umthwebuli wezithombe u-Stanley Stellar ukhumbula ukuthi wonke amandla ayegxile kanjani endaweni encane ka-Christopher Street e-West Village eNew York City. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakuyindawo eyivelakancane lapho izitabane zazikwazi ukuya khona futhi zihlangane esidlangalaleni, futhi imibukiso yePride yayisebenza ngezinga elilingana nomakhelwane - okude kakhulu kubantu abalinganiselwa ezigidini ezinhlanu ababethamele umcimbi kaJulayi odlule weWorld Pride eNew York. Idolobha, umgubho omkhulu we-LGBTQ emlandweni.
“Kwaqala njengento encane yomphakathi,” kukhumbula uStellar, manje oneminyaka engama-75. “Kwakukhona abamashi futhi - imiphefumulo enesibindi kakhulu enezimpawu, njengoMarsha P. Johnson, owasikhuthaza sonke. Lapho abantu besiklolodela, izimoto zazidlula zisikhafule, zihlale zisithethisa, uMarsha wayekhona, ebukeka enokucasuka futhi ekhazimula ngobuhle bakhe, futhi wayethi 'ungabakhathazi.' Yilokho okushiwo u-'P', ukuthi 'ungabanaki, ungabavumeli basivimbe.'
Lowo moya onganqandeki manje uphawula iminyaka yawo engama-50: kwathathwa imibukiso yokuqala ye-Pride indawo e-US ngo-1970, unyaka ngemva kokuvukela e-Stonewall Inn abaningi abacabanga ukuthi iyimbangela yenhlangano yesimanje ye-LGBTQ yenkululeko. Onyakeni lapho imibuthano emikhulu ivinjelwa i-coronavirus futhi imicimbi eminingi ye-Pride ikhanseliwe noma ihlehlisiwe, izinhlangano zomphakathi ze-Pride ne-LGBTQIA+ ezingaphezu kuka-500 ezivela emazweni angama-91 zizobamba iqhaza ku-Global Pride ngoJuni 27. Kodwa, emashumini eminyaka edlule, imibukiso ye-Pride iye yavela. ngendlela edlula inani labahlanganyeli - futhi, ngemva kokuthwebula izithombe zabo ezingamashumi amahlanu eminyaka, uStellar ukubonile lokho ukuziphendukela kwemvelo mathupha. “Leso kwakuyisizinda somhlaba wezitabane,” esho ngeminyaka yokuqala ye-Pride.
I-Stonewall Uprising yenzeke phezu kochungechunge lobusuku ekupheleni kukaJuni 1969. Nakuba umphakathi we-LGBTQ wawuhlehlile ngokumelene nokucwaswa kwamaphoyisa kwezinye izikhathi ezimbalwa ezincane ngasekupheleni kwawo-1960 emadolobheni afana neSan Francisco ne-LA, i-Stonewall yanqamula ngendlela engakaze ibonwe. indlela.
“Abantu base belungele umcimbi ofana no-Stonewall, futhi babenokuxhumana nokuhlela ukuze baqale ukukhuluma ngaso leso sikhathi,” kusho uKatherine McFarland Bruce, umbhali wencwadi ethi Pride Parades: How a Parade Changed the World. Amaqembu ezishoshovu e-LA nase-Chicago, nawo abambe i-Pride Parades ngo-1970, ngokushesha axhumanisa nozakwabo eNew York ukuze bahlele izenzo ngesikhathi sokugubha usuku. Lapho e-LA, umoya wawumayelana nokuzijabulisa nokugubha, uBruce uthi, iNew York yayihlelwe kakhulu njengesenzo sokuxhuma izishoshovu. “Kumelwe siphumele obala siyeke ukuba namahloni, uma kungenjalo abantu bazoqhubeka besiphatha njengezinto eziyiziphukuphuku,” omunye owayehambele umbukiso owawuseDolobheni laseNew York watshela i-New York Times ngo-1970. “Le mashi iyisiqinisekiso futhi isimemezelo sokuziqhenya kwethu okusha.”
Ngo-1980, ama-Pride parades ayesenzeke emhlabeni wonke emadolobheni afana neMontreal, London, Mexico City kanye neSydney. Kodwa njengoba lelo shumi leminyaka liqhubeka, ithoni yezenzakalo yashintsha, njengoba izinhlekelele zenhlekelele ye-AIDS zaba umgogodla wezenzo nemibukiso. Ngalesi sikhathi, u-Stellar wayesenendilinga enkulu yabangane abangama-queer futhi waqala ukwenza okwengeziwe Izithombe womphakathi ukubhala izimpilo zabo zansuku zonke. “Ngazizwa sengathi ngiyasikweleta, njengaku-queer 'thina,' ukuqala nje ukuthwebula engimaziyo nengicabanga ukuthi ufanelwe ukukhunjulwa," kusho uStellar, onombukiso wedijithali ozayo ophethwe yi-Kapp Kapp. Igalari, enenzuzo engu-10% ezosekela i-Marsha P. Johnson Institute.
KuBruce, Ukuziqhenya kubonisa ukuthi umphakathi we-LGBTQ ukwazi kanjani ukuhlale ufune isenzo nokubonakala ezindabeni zosuku.
Lapho ngeminyaka yawo-1980, amaqembu ahlangana enhlekeleleni ye-AIDS, ngawo-1990 abona ukubonakala okukhulu kwabezindaba kubantu be-LGBTQ empilweni yomphakathi, okwaholela emabhizinisini amaningi aqala ukungena ebhodini lokubamba iqhaza kwe-Pride. Nakuba umgubho weStonewall kade wawunikeza isikhathi semicimbi ye-Pride yaminyaka yonke, uMongameli uBill Clinton wakhipha isimemezelo ngo-1999 sokuthi njalo uJuni kuzobe kuyiNyanga Yokuzigqaja Ngama-Gay and Lesbian e-US (uMongameli uBarack Obama wandisa incazelo ngo-2008, lapho ekhipha isimemezelo. ukuthi inyanga kaJuni ikhunjulwe njengeNyanga Yokuzigqaja NgamaLesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Pride.)
Ekuqaleni kwawo-2000 kwabe sekukhankaswa okukhulu umshado wobulili obufanayo. Ehlobo lika-2010, uBruce wenza ucwaningo lwesimanje ngencwadi yakhe, waya emibuthanweni eyisithupha ehlukene ye-Pride kulo lonke elase-US, okuhlanganisa nowodwa owawuseSan Diego, okuyikhaya lamasosha amaningi esizweni, lapho umkhankaso wawugxile ekuqedeni “ buza, ungatsheli” inqubomgomo. "Ngicabanga ukuthi i-Pride iyinqola yamaqembu e-LGBT ukwenza izindaba zosuku zizwakale emphakathini wawo kanye nasemphakathini obanzi wendawo ezihlala kuwo," uBruce ubonisa - wengeza ngokuthi eminyakeni yamuva nje, imikhankaso yobulungiswa bobuhlanga kanye ne-transgender. amalungelo asegqame kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke njengoba lokhu kungabi nabulungisa kwemigwaqo sekukhuphukele phambili ekuqapheleni komphakathi, izici ezimbalwa zemibukiso ye-Pride ethathe isikhathi eside ibhekwe kakhudlwana - ukubuyisela Ukuziqhenya, ngandlela thile, emsuka wayo oqhutshwa imibhikisho.
Ezinye izishoshovu ze-LBGTQ nabahleli bomphakathi bakugxekile ukwenziwa kwebhizinisi kwe-Pride, njengoba imibukiso ibheke emabhizinisini ukuze athole uxhaso lokusiza ngezidingo zezimali zezixuku ezikhula ngokushesha. Abanye bayangabaza ukuthi kukhona yini isenzo esijulile esingemva kothingo amafulegi. “Kwenzekani ngoJulayi 1 lapho abadala bethu bengakwazi ukuthola izindlu, futhi izingane zixoshwa ezindlini zazo, futhi kokubili ama-trans women nama-cis women bebulawa emgwaqeni? Ngabe lolo thingo lusho okuthile izinsuku ezingama-365 onyakeni,” u-Ellen Broidy, ilungu le-Gay Liberation Front kanye nomsunguli we-Gay Pride yokuqala yaminyaka yonke ngo-1970.
Izishoshovu zaseNew York nase-San Francisco seziqale eyazo imibhikisho ehlukene ukuze zibhikishele amaphoyisa nokuzibandakanya kwezinkampani emibuthanweni esungulwe kakhudlwana, uma kubhekwa amazinga omlando kanye nesimanje okusebenza kwamaphoyisa angalingani emiphakathini yabaNsundu kanye neyabantu abayizixhwanguxhwangu. Futhi, besabela ekuntulekeni kokwehlukahlukana emicimbini emikhulu yokuziqhenya, abahleli baqale imicimbi ukuze bakhe indawo ephephile yabacwaswa kakhulu phakathi komphakathi we-LGBTQ. E-UK, ukwesekwa kuye kwanda ku-UK Black Pride, eyaqala ngo-2005 njengombuthano omncane owawuhlelwe ongqingili abamnyama ukuze bahlangane futhi babelane ngolwazi. Lo mcimbi manje usuwumgubho omkhulukazi wase-Europe wabantu be-LGBTQ abadabuka e-Afrika, e-Asia, e-Caribbean, eMpumalanga Ephakathi kanye naseLatin America, futhi awuhlangene ne-Pride yaseLondon, eke yagxekwa esikhathini esidlule ngenxa yokungabi bikho kwezinhlobonhlobo.
Kwabanye, abahlala ezindaweni lapho ubutabane bubeka engcupheni udlame olugunyazwe uhulumeni ngisho nokufa, izehlakalo zokuziqhenya zenza umsebenzi ofana nalowo owabonwa ezindaweni ezifana ne-New York ngeminyaka yawo-1970s, njengendlela yokuphila ebalulekile. Eminyakeni yamuva nje imiphakathi yase-eSwatini, eTrinidad nase-Tobago, nase-Nepal ihlela ukubamba imibukiso yayo yokuqala ye-Pride. Isishoshovu uKasha Jacqueline Nabageser wahlela umgubho wokuqala wokuziqhenya e-Uganda ngo-2012, ngemva kokubona ukuthi useke waya kuma-Prides amaningana emhlabeni wonke kodwa akazange abe sezweni lakubo, lapho imithetho eyasala kudala kusukela esikhathini sobukoloni yenza kube yicala izenzo zobulili obufanayo. “Kimina, kwakuyisikhathi sokuhlanganisa umphakathi, nokuthi wazi ukuthi awuwedwa, noma yikuphi lapho ucashe khona,” kusho uNabageser, wengeza ngokuthi abantu okungenzeka ukuthi babengaziboni njengezishoshovu ze-LGBTQ beze kulo mcimbi. futhi kamuva wahlanganyela ekukhulumeleni amalungelo ezitabane ezweni. Okungenani abantu abayi-180 babonakale emcimbini wokuqala edolobheni lase-Entebbe, kanti ngenkathi uhulumeni wase-Uganda uzama ukuvala imigubho ye-Pride eyalandela, uNabageser ubona ukuziphindiselela njengophawu lwamandla omphakathi ekubonakaleni kwawo.
“Lapho [uhulumeni] esivimba kakhulu, yilapho benza umphakathi uthukuthele kakhulu, futhi ukulangazelele kakhulu i-Pride. Kithina kube wukuwina lokho,” usho kanje, wengeza ngokuthi umphakathi uwinile ukuhlela izindlela zokugubha ngokuphephile emaqenjini amancane phakathi nobhubhane lwe-coronavirus. "Ngandlela thize, sizoba ne-Pride, futhi kufanele siqhubeke nokulwa."
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